{"title":"Law","description":"\u003cp\u003eLegal systems, jurisprudence, statutes, case law, and the history and practice of law.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"fitzherbert-sir-anthony","title":"FITZHERBERT, Sir Anthony","description":"\u003cp\u003eFitzherbert (1470-1538) of Gray s Inn, justice of the Court of Common Please, was one of the most notable legal writers of the C16th, producing many of the most authoritative and enduring English law books for practitioners and students alike. The present work was more or less continuously in print between its first appearance in 1534 and 1794 and his Boke of Justice of the Peace enjoyed a similar life. Fitzherbert s knowledge of the law was profound, he had a strong logical faculty and the rarest of legal writers gifts, the power of clear and lucid exposition. His explanations and directions were comprehensible even to those with the most basic knowledge of the law. The Nouvelle Natura Brevium is basically a manual of procedure in which are set out the forms of writ for all the different varieties of action. No less an authority than Coke called it  an exact work exquisitely penned . Getting the right writ, and getting the writ right were the basic essentials of Elizabethan litigation. If either were wrong the litigant was going nowhere - except back to the start to try again. A valuable volume for students and practitioners alike.  The Natura Brevium is esteemed an exact work, excellently well penned and had been much admired by the noted men in the Common law  Ant. √† Wood.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FITZHERBERT, Sir Anthony","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816111055183,"sku":"SN2616","price":1850.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/Fitzherbert-L2616-1.jpg?v=1781795309"},{"product_id":"la-roche-flavin-bernard-de","title":"LA ROCHE-FLAVIN, Bernard de","description":"\u003cp\u003eA lovely copy of the first edition of this important and revealing work on the procedures and duties of the Magistrates and officers of the Parlements of France, beautifully printed by Simon Millanges, Montaigne s printer, a work which lead to the authors immediate ruin, as he wrote directly and openly of the failings, shortcomings, and corruptions of his colleagues who immediately sued him for libel. La Roche Flavin, studied at Rodez, at one of the first colleges founded in France by the Jesuits, then at Toulouse, where he became a lawyer at the Parlement, then Magistrate in the Parlement of Paris and President of the  Chambre de Requets  at Toulouse. His long and honorable career of over over fifty years as a Magistrate came to and abrupt end with the publication of this work. Its deliberate and systematic revelation of  the hidden workings of the judicial system is a precious resource for the historian. In around 550 chapters he details with all the knowledge required for the Magistrate of the ancient and modern parlements of France. The fruit of a life times labour, it is not simply a users manuel for the Magistrate, full of the details of the period, it contains all of La Roche Flavin s 50 years experience at a time when the Magistrature was rapidly changing. Written from 1614-17 but containing material gathered from the 1580 s, it includes the debates which shook the parlements since the civil wars.  The question of the paulette (and judicial corruption more generally) made parlement magistrates sensitive to questions of Propriety during the first half of the seventeenth century. Toulouse magistrate Bernard de la Roche Flavin s treatise about parlement procedure,  Thirteen books of the Parlements of France , first published in 1617, was an important contribution to this debate about the professional role of magistrates and their social status. As a magistrate who had served at the Paris Parlement and more recently at the Parlement of Toulouse, La Roche Flavin urges his colleagues to prove their critics wrong. Much to the dismay of his colleagues, La Roche Flavin airs the dirty laundry of the Judiciary in an effort to reform current practice, acknowledging the faults of his colleagues in the hopes of holding them to higher standards in an age when venality threatens to undermine the authority of the Profession. La Roche Flavin, for whom the magistrates integrity is the very cornerstone of the French judicial system urges that court procedure be regularized and that magistrates maintain their public dignity at all times.  Sara Beam.  Laughing matters: farce and the making of absolutism in France . A very good copy of this important work in excellent contemporary morocco.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"LA ROCHE-FLAVIN, Bernard de","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816119116111,"sku":"L1554","price":3750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_00242.jpg?v=1781795300"},{"product_id":"coutumes-de-provence","title":"COUTUMES DE PROVENCE","description":"\u003cp\u003eA rare and early collection of five Provencal arrests, a searing condemnation of corruption in Aix. The first two are indictments of the financial and moral corruption of the clergy of Aix, and its convents, which, instead of administering ‘le service divin…se livre a des actes de paillardise non convenables a la devotion chretienne’. The next denounces the corruption of the merchants of Aix, whose monopolies led to the exploitation of the populace (‘les grands officiers et majeurs mangent de la bonne chair et la populaire est mal servi’), with particular emphasis on the town’s butcher (who sold dirty and diseased meat), and goes on to attack the general corruption and bribery in the region and the bureaucratic indifference which has allowed the corruption to continue (‘le lieutenant general qui a la superintendence n’en tient compte et faict l’endormy’). The arret concludes ‘il faut tout changer’ and threatens heavy fines for future malefactors. The last two attack corruption among notaries and the resale of mortgages in the town. Unlike most legal works the engaging text is of a Rabelasian humour and directness, e.g. “l’avocat et procureur du Roy au siege sont esturdis d’une teste de veau”.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile a complete work in itself, this arrest may well originally have been bound up with other related works of coutumes, or legal customs of the various towns and regions of France, and indeed Fairfax Murray’s copy was in just such a sammelband. Fairfax-Murray tentatively ascribes the work to Jean de Channey in Lyon, on the basis that in his copy, the present work was bound with that printer’s 1536-1540 ‘Ordonnances’. This however, seems inadequate. De Channey was a printer of long standing in Avignon, but Baudrier, puts his date of death between 1536-8. It is therefore possible that his son, Bernard, who is known to have printed the title pages for the ‘Ordonnances’ in 1540 in order to sell them (cf. Betz, Répertoire bibliographique des livres imprimés en France, vol. 6), may have printed the present ‘Arrest’, often bound with the previous work.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"COUTUMES DE PROVENCE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816120230223,"sku":"L467","price":1950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_00474.jpg?v=1781795296"},{"product_id":"justinus-with-gellius-aulus","title":"JUSTINUS [with] GELLIUS, Aulus","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very clean and wide-margined copy of two Venetian incunables in a strictly contemporary and very attractive Renaissance binding. The second work notably features a fine instance of the kind of large Greek type used in the 1480s, illustrated by Proctor, who praised it for 'the regularity and size which make it the best type of its class' (p.127). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Justinus was a second century Roman historian. This, his most notable work, he describes as a collection of the most interesting and important passages from Pompeius Trogus' 'Historiae philippicae et totius mundi origina et terrae situs', written in the time of Augustus and now lost. This was a general history of those parts of the world that had come under the auspices of Alexander the Great, and takes as its main theme the Macedonian Empire founded by his father Philip. The last event it records (in Justinius' version) is in 20 B.C. Through his frequent digressions, Justinus here produces not an epitome but rather a useful and sometimes elegant anthology based on the work. It was very popular in the Middle Ages, when the author was frequently confused with Justin Martyr. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n The Noctes Atticae consists of a miscellaneous anthology on various topics, including philosophy, law, literature, grammar, and history. Gellius (c. 125 - c. 180) wrote the book for the education of his children during his winter nights in Attica, and the work proved very popular into and throughout the Middle Ages. It grew out of a commonplace book that Gellius kept, in which he recorded items of unusual interest that he heard in conversation or read about. The book deliberately has no specific structure, and of the twenty books only 19 have come down to us - the 8th is known only through its index. In it, Gellius quotes extensively from Greek and Latin authors, many of whose works have not survived - the book is therefore a valuable resource in preserving fragments of writings otherwise entirely lost. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n The binding, although elements of its decoration are common to several printing centres in Italy at this time, bears a strong resemblance to a number of bindings known to have been produced at Venice (and in particular to de Marinis' no. 1532 in vol II of his 'Legatura Artistica in Italia'). In its decoration it shows elements of the assimilation of Eastern design in Italian bookbinding, especially by the Byzantine\/Ottoman nature of the central knotwork tools. It must previously have been very grand, and shows evidence of elegant and arabesque furniture at the corners and at the centre of the covers. The furniture would most likely have been bronze or silver; the remaining studs holding the stubs of the ties are in bronze. The binding is still an elegant example of Renaissance bookbinding craftsmanship and examples in this condition and are invariably rare.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"JUSTINUS [with] GELLIUS, Aulus","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816120459599,"sku":"L446","price":14500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L446-8.jpg?v=1781795294"},{"product_id":"mexican-church","title":"MEXICAN CHURCH","description":"\u003cp\u003eExtremely rare first edition of the decrees issued by the third Mexican Council of 1585 and approved by the papacy four years later. Gathered by the Viceroy and Archbishop Pedro Moya de Contreras, this highly influential assembly brought the decrees of the Council of Trent into the religious and social life of the New World, drawing up a legislation amazingly in use until the early twentieth century. Bishops attending the council focused mainly on doctrine, the internal organization of the Mexican province, missionary activities and rights of local people. Their decisions were first recorded in Spanish and later translated into Latin, so as to be confirmed by the pope. Yet, the Roman cardinals  committee in charge of approval rewrote large part of the decrees, strictly sticking to those of the Tridentine Council. As a result, the final official text came out only in 1622. The printed marginalia of the volume refers constantly to the sources of the Mexican decrees. Along with canon law and papal bulls, they comprise especially the deliberations of the Council of Trent, of the five Synods held in Milan under Carlo Borromeo as well as assemblies of the American and Spanish Church in Lima, Quiroga, Guadix and Granada. The final part of the book, and perhaps the most important, is devoted to the statutes of the recently-established Mexican Church. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n The beautiful engraving of the title shows the personification of the Faith and Church in a classical architectural frame. It is signed at the bottom by the Dutch artist Samuel Stadanus. Stradanus worked in New Spain from about 1604. His most prominent patron was the promoter of this belated first edition, Archbishop Juan P érez de la Serna (1573-1627), whose arms appear at the head of title.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MEXICAN CHURCH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816127504719,"sku":"L1925","price":9500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_4959.jpg?v=1781795274"},{"product_id":"england-1","title":"ENGLAND","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the Middle Ages the Hundred was a subdivision of a county chiefly important for its local court of justice. It had jurisdiction for trespass, covenant and debt if less than forty shillings and in these civil cases the freeholders of the hundred acted as judges. At the twice yearly full court where the criminal business was transacted the Sheriff or Lord of the hundred was sole judge. These arrangements are credited to Alfred by William of Malmesbury but may well have existed earlier. Certainly from Alfred s time until the C.16 the hundred court was the most important place of redress for the common people. However, the monetary value of its jurisdiction was not enlarged and due to the rampant inflation caused by overspending Tudor governments its practical importance declined rapidly in the later C16, though it lingered on until the legal reforms of the Victorians.  It is significant that this is the last edition of the standard and probably only work on hundred Court procedure; its obsolescence precluded reprinting. The text is in Norman-French notwithstanding the Latin title. Although it ran through a number of editions from the 1520 s onwards, all are now rare, many known only by a single copy. Myddleton succeeded Redman in his house by St. Dunstan s after his widow s remarriage and like Redman produced a significant number of legal texts, of which this is one of the rarest.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ENGLAND","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816128618831,"sku":"SN2618","price":3250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/England-SN2618-1-copy.jpg?v=1781795268"},{"product_id":"corvinus-johannes-arnold","title":"CORVINUS, Johannes Arnold","description":"\u003cp\u003eElegantly bound first edition of a legal university textbook published by the Elzevir press in the distinctive portable format. Johannes Arnold Corvinus (c.1582-1650) was a Dutch jurist, Arminian minister and practitioner in Amsterdam. A follower of Hugo Grotius, he authored several pamphlets and essays as well as a few influential textbooks on Roman law for higher education. Postumus Pacianus is named after the Italian Calvinist Giulio Pace (1550-1635), who taught law and philosophy successfully throughout Europe and published a long-lasting edition of Aristotle s Organon. Corvinus dedicated this work to the city council of Leiden and to any young student of law eager to learn more. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n This copy belonged to Etienne Baluze (1630 1718), a prominent French bibliophile, Latin philologist, Church historian and professor of canon law at the Coll ége Royal in Paris. Baluze is mostly famous for having served Jean-Baptiste Colbert as keeper of his legendary library. Baluze s vast personal collection of books and manuscripts, including a significant portion of Mazarin s papers, was sold at auction by Martin and Baudot in 1719. Later in the century, the book was acquired by Charles, 1st Baron Stuart of Rothesay (1779-1845). A major figure of British diplomacy during the Napoleonic wars and the Restoration, he was ambassador to Portugal, the Netherlands, Spain and, most importantly, to the France of Louis XVIII between 1815 and 1824. Probably during the latter period, Stuart commissioned this fine morocco binding to the Parisian family workshop Simier.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CORVINUS, Johannes Arnold","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816134844751,"sku":"L2208","price":1950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/Photo-07-06-2016-16-46-11-e1466000314513.jpg?v=1781795212"},{"product_id":"rely-iehan-de","title":"RELY, Iehan de","description":"\u003cp\u003eBeautifully printed edition of this resume of acts of the  États-g én éraux  held in Tours under Charles the VIII, by the Bishop Jean de Rely. In this edition the acts of the States-General of Tours are preceded by the speech pronounced before Charles VIII and his council, by Jean de R ély, representative of the clergy of Paris who had been elected by the Three States to present to the sovereign the results of their deliberations. Jean de R ély (1430-1499) was a professor of theology, and was later chancellor and archdeacon of Notre-Dame and chaplain to Charles VIII, whom he accompanied on his expedition to Italy, then finally bishop of Angers. The States-General of 1484 were convoked by the Regent Anne de Beaujeu at Tours, to designate who should occupy the regency after the death of Louis XI (August 30, 1483) and during the minority of Charles VIII. Although the late king had designated her, with her husband Pierre de Beaujeu, Louis II of Orleans, challenged them. The summoning of the States General was a first victory for the prince. These États-g én éraux were of great importance in French history as for the first time, they brought together elected officials from all over the kingdom: from Artois to Dauphin é, from Brittany (which only sent observers) to Burgundy. On top of this, again for the first time, representatives of all social bodies were convened: nobility, clergy and the Third Estate, and remarkably, in the Third Estate, peasants were also represented. In total, the different provinces and the different orders sent 285 delegates. These Estates General introduced a bold conception of government, with the political power belonging to the people, being by them, vested in the king. The minority of the king caused a return of power to the Estates; it was therefore up to the states to organize government during the King s minority. These Estates General were also particularly interesting for a complete reorganisation of the system of taxation, but also covered every aspect of the Government of France, with lasting effect. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n The work in this form was first printed in 1518 and is here beautifully reprinted by the Parisian bookseller Gaillot du Pr é with his famous device of a galley on the verso last.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RELY, Iehan de","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816146248015,"sku":"L2774","price":1750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L2774-1.jpg?v=1781794942"},{"product_id":"england-2","title":"[ENGLAND]","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very rare edition of this practical guide to pleadings and procedure in manorial courts; its authorship is unknown. It was a very popular work going through a dozen editions between c. 1538 and 1552 all of which have survived in only two or three known copies, often imperfect. The older writers such as Coke held that a manor had two courts; the court baron, by common law, the freeholders being its suitors, and the leet, a customary court for the copyholders. The first was the means by which the lord of the manor exercised feudal jurisdiction over his men and the second a customary court whose chief business was to admit new tenants who had acquired copyholds by inheritance or purchase and on taking possession had to pay a fine to the lord of the manor. Maitland doubted this dichotomy concluding that at least by the end of the C13 there was no distinction of courts though there could be of jurisdiction, which is what the difference of name indicated. Manorial courts survived as an active part of the English legal system until the abolition of copyholds in the 1920s and would have been of very considerable practical importance in the C16 following the nationalisation and distribution of monastic lands when there would have been a great number of new copyholds to be entered. An uncommon imprint. Hill was a Dutchman who printed in London between c. 1542 and 1553 and for a short time thereafter in Emden. His London premises were in Clerkenwell, not far from the Inns of Court, and a large proportion of his small production was for the legal market. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n ESTC records two copies only of this edition, one at Harvard the other at the University of Minnesota.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[ENGLAND]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816146280783,"sku":"L2819","price":4950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L2819.jpg?v=1781794943"},{"product_id":"bologna","title":"[BOLOGNA.]","description":"\u003cp\u003eA remarkably well-preserved and clean copy of this Bolognese edict a rare survival of C16 legal ephemera addressing a major issue of public order: the flight of bandits and prisoners sentenced to capital punishment. The outcome of negotiations between Alfonso, Duke of Ferrara, and Cardinal Caetani, emissary of the Pope in Bologna, the edict struck an agreement by which no bandits or fugitive prisoners sentenced to capital punishment should find a safe place either in the Bologna territory (within the Papal States) or in neighbouring Ferrara; if any such criminals were discovered in either territory in which they were not resident, they could be punished by proxy. No safe-conducts would be granted by either state and those already granted should be revoked.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[BOLOGNA.]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816155128143,"sku":"L2894","price":1800.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L2894-1-1.jpg?v=1781794917"},{"product_id":"franciscans","title":"[FRANCISCANS.]","description":"\u003cp\u003eVery good copy of the scarce first edition of this compendium of privileges, bulls and concessions granted by popes to the Franciscan and other mendicant orders in the course of previous centuries. Intended as an  opusculum  for easy consultation, it is organized alphabetically and prefaced by a long index. Each numbered entry begins with the name of the pope who granted the specified privileges concerning, for instance, the permission to administer confession and absolution in various circumstances (e.g., to family members or infidels), appropriate behaviour in convents and in the presence of women who are not nuns, education and indulgences (with lists of specific stations for penitence in Rome and Jerusalem, sins absolved and length of time). Such compendia became fundamental administrative instruments for missionary friars in the New World. This copy belonged to the Convento de San Francisco in Quer étaro, Mexico, in the C17. Most marginalia highlight ordinances concerning the financial and administrative relationship between Franciscans friars and the nuns of the Second Order of St Francis for whom a convent was established in Quer étaro in 1606.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[FRANCISCANS.]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816155881807,"sku":"L2899","price":4750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L2899-1.jpg?v=1781794912"},{"product_id":"bordeaux","title":"[BORDEAUX]","description":"\u003cp\u003eVery rare edition in French, finely printed by Simon Millanges (Montaigne s printer), of the ancient customary laws of Guyenne and Bordeaux.  Under Francois I the  Anciennes Coutumes de Guyenne  (Ancient Customary laws of Guyenne) were reformed to take into account the local bourgeoisie s demands. The three estates of the s én échauss ée of Guyenne assembled in February 1520 to modify the old Coutumier. Several articles were suppressed or changed and new ones were added. The work lasted five months and the reformed Coutumier went into effect towards the end of 1527. Its territory was extended to include the former s én échauss ée of Bordeaux. The new customary law of Guyenne, which heavily favored the bourgeoisie, consisted of 117 articles written in a rather disorderly fashion and without much equity. Questions of inheritance and testamentary succession strongly recentered customary law around the transmission of property, and the goal of the great majority of the articles was to provide better protection for private property and to favor bourgeois property owners over the feudal territorial rights of noble landlords. The first article sets the tone of this rewriting of the customary law. It stipulates that every son of a merchant family engaged in commerce of other business (banking, brokerage, purchasing)  can make commitments wothout his father s consent, in matters concerning merchandise or business  For example, children had the right to do business under their own names without depending on the authority of their fathers. In the spirit of liberalizing mercantile law, Article V reorganised the law governing the legacy of goods to descendants by specifying that lineal transmission henceforth always had priority over feudal law. Inheritances, successions, transmissions, and donations of buildings, as well as the regulation of rents and mortgages, were subjected to new interpretations favorable to the rising bourgeoisie and represented more than sixty articles in the  coustumes generales de la ville de Bourdeaus, Seneschauss ée de Guyenne,  between 1520 and 1527. the revision of customary law at the beginning of the sixteenth century was the end result of a long process of political redistribution in Bordeaux and in Guyenne .. The oldest text of this Coutume was printed in Bordeaux in 1528 by Jean Guyart. The Coutume was reprinted by Simon Millanges in 1611 and 1617, and again by Jaques Mongiron Millanges in 1661 and 1666.  Philippe Desan  Montaigne: A Life.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n The work has many interesting details concerning the wine trade; for instance a chapter on the correct use of containers and barrels for holding wine, or on the theft of grapes. A rare work, that gives fascinating insight into a town that was intimately linked, through its trade in wine, with England, and with the transition from a feudal to a Bourgeois society.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[BORDEAUX]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816156373327,"sku":"L2944b","price":1950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_6097.jpg?v=1781794910"},{"product_id":"perier-charles","title":"PÉRIER, Charles.","description":"\u003cp\u003eFirst edition of this extremely rare pamphlet, the Hugenot s petition to the King that the local authorities in the town of Bordeaux recognise their rights, particularly in light of the Edict he had made in an attempt to reconcile the two religions, with the Kings response to the petition given in the text. The Edict of Saint-Germain, also known as the Edict of January, was a decree of tolerance promulgated by the regent of France, Catherine de  Medici, in January 1562. It provided limited tolerance to the Protestant Huguenots in the Roman Catholic realm. Consistent with Catherine s manoeuvring, it attempted to steer a middle course between Protestants and Catholics in order to strengthen royal dominion. Without threatening the privileged position of the Catholic Church in France, the Edict recognised the existence of the Protestants and guaranteed freedom of conscience and private worship. It forbade Huguenot worship within towns (where conflicts flared up too easily) but permitted Protestant synods and consistories. This pamphlet states that, despite the edict, many of those in power in Bordeaux were refusing to cooperate and were using the troubles to illegally imprison, fine and confiscate the property of Protestants and to cause them as much trouble as possible, despite the fact that the majority of people in Bordeaux were  dict reform é . Protestants under the edict were given the permission to worship but only in certain towns and in Bordeaux they were given the town of St. Macaire.  The protestants petitioned for another town in place of St. Macaire, which had been assigned them for their religious worship   the most inconveniently situated in the entire  Sen échauss ée . They desired a city in which they could go to and return from in the same day. They stated that  la plus grande partie des plus notable familles de Bourdeaux est de la religion r éform ée.  This part of their request the king referred to the judgment of the governor.  Henry Martyn Baird  History of the Rise of the Huguenots.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n  The edict provided for a place for preaching in each prefecture, to be selected by the king. In some cases no place had yet been designated. In others, the most inconvenient places had been assigned. Sometimes the Huguenots of a district would be compelled to go _twenty or twenty-five leagues_ in order to attend divine worship. .. But it was the prejudice and ill-will, of which the Huguenots were the habitual victims at the hands of royal governors and other officers, which moved them most deeply. The evident desire was to find some ground of accusation against them. The ears of the judges were stopped against their appeals for justice. It was enough that they were accused. Decrees of confiscation, of the razing of their houses, of death, were promptly given before any examination was made into the truth of their culpability.   The king, or his ministers, fearful of a commotion during his absence from Paris,   even made a pretence of desiring to secure justice to his Protestant subjects; but the attempt really effected very little. Thus, for instance, while sojourning in the city of Valence (on the fifth of September, 1564), Charles received a petition of the Huguenots of Bordeaux, setting forth some of the grievances under which they were groaning, and gave a favourable answer. He permitted them, by this patent, to sing their psalms in their own houses. He declared them free from any obligation to furnish the  pain benit,  and to contribute to the support of Roman Catholic fraternities. The Protestants were not to be molested for possessing or selling copies of the Bible. They must not be compelled to deck out their houses in honor of religious processions, nor to swear on St. Anthony s arm. They might work at their trades with closed doors, except on Sundays and solemn feasts. Magistrates were forbidden to take away the children of Huguenots, in order to have them baptized according to Romish rites. Protestants could be elected to municipal offices equally with the adherents of the other faith.  Henry Martyn Baird  History of the Rise of the Huguenots.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Charles Perier, the son in law of the bookseller printer Chr étien Wechel, was himself a printer authorised by the University of Paris. He was imprisoned several times in Paris (November 1565, November 1567, Februrary to May 1569) for importing Calvinist works from Geneva for distribution in there. He was persecuted during the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, during which his son Charles was killed. He fled Paris but died shortly afterwards.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PÉRIER, Charles.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816156406095,"sku":"L2944a","price":1950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_0985_d158c155-5549-4354-9aa3-23b39c9caec3.jpg?v=1781794909"},{"product_id":"aragon","title":"[ARAGON.]","description":"\u003cp\u003eA good copy of the anonymous Italian translation of the most important early modern collection of international maritime laws. First printed in Barcelona in 1482-84, on the basis of a much older legal tradition originating in Barcelona, Majorca and Valencia,  Il consolato del mare  contained all existing maritime regulations from Greek, Roman and medieval European statutes. Though based on the practice of the Aragon authorities, it was also gradually adapted to local needs when circulating outside the Iberic peninsula. The earliest translations, of unknown authorship, were Italian, first printed in Rome in 1519. The dedication of this edition is signed by Giovanni Battista Pederzano, a Venetian printer and the financer of previous editions of the  Consolato , the text of which was retained in the following (Tonelli,  Sotto il segno , 91-92). They also retained the original structure: an initial section on the appointment, function and workings of maritime authorities (e.g., the appointment of consuls and judges, sentences, appeals, litigation expense), followed by received  good customs of the sea  (e.g., mariners  wages, what to do if a mariner dies on board, how going to a dangerous place is not part of his duties), including the relationship between maritime businesses and private merchants (e.g., how to avoid or resolve damage of goods during transportation). A special case is that of armed ships, which have a dedicated section. In addition to shorter examinations of maritime regulations of Aragon, including customs, there is a most important one on maritime insurance on ships and cargo (e.g., goods purchased beyond Gibraltar and destined to Flanders or Sardinia and Sicily cannot be insured). This copy comes with the second edition of  Il portolano del mare , with a separate t-p but rarely found individually, discussing in detail the location and distance in relation to Venice and one another of all ports of the East and West. This legal corpus,  thanks to its efficient treatment of maritime questions and for its reliance on the enterprising Catalan navy, became eventually of common use in most of the Mediterranean ; in the C16, it was  the reference text on maritime regulations  (Tanzini,  Prime edizioni , 965-66). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Jacopo Virgilio (fl. mid-C19) was an economist very close to important Genoese shipping companies, and the author of several works on Italian history.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[ARAGON.]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57816168431951,"sku":"L3241","price":2750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_8475.jpg?v=1781794861"},{"product_id":"littleton-sir-thomas","title":"LITTLETON, Sir Thomas","description":"\u003cp\u003eA fine copy of this slightly amended edition of the translation from the original  Law French  into English of Thomas Littleton s seminal treatise on tenures, the first edition of which (1481) was the first work of English law published anywhere.  Sir Thomas Littleton,  , jurist, author of Littleton on Tenures, the first important English legal text neither written in Latin nor significantly influenced by Roman (civil) law. An edition (1481 or 1482?) by John Lettou and William de Machlinia was doubtless the first book on English law to be printed. It long remained the principal authority on English real property law, and in the 20th century Littleton s work was still occasionally cited as authoritative. Throughout a turbulent period in English history, Littleton held several high offices: sheriff of Worcestershire; recorder of Coventry, Warwickshire; justice of assize (trial judge) on the Northern Circuit; and judge of the Court of Common Pleas (appointed by King Edward IV, 1466). In 1475 he was created a Knight of the Bath. Intended for the instruction of his second son, Richard, Littleton s Treatise subtly differentiates various kinds of medieval English land tenure. It was written in law French, a specialised form of Anglo-Norman. Sir Edward Coke held Littleton s work in high esteem and wrote an extensive commentary on it.  Encyclopaedia Britannica.  The work consolidated the law as it pertained to property, land, and especially of the law of trusts, also dealing with the subject of trespass. Henri de Bracton, his predecessor, had largely ignored this important topic. Unlike preceding writers on English law, Glanville, Bracton, and the authors of the treatises known by the names of Britton and Fleta, Littleton borrows nothing from the sources of Roman law or the commentators. He deals exclusively with English law. The book is written on a definite system, and is the first attempt at a scientific classification of rights over land. Littleton s method is to begin with a definition, usually clearly and briefly expressed, of the class of rights with which he is dealing. He then proceeds to illustrate the various characteristics and incidents of the class by stating particular instances, some of which refer to decisions that had actually occurred, but more of which are hypothetical cases put by way of illustration of his principles. The first book deals with freehold estates, and Littleton adopts a classification that has been followed by all writers who have attempted to systematise the English law of land, especially Sir Matthew Hale and Sir William Blackstone. The second book relates to the reciprocal rights and duties of lord and tenant, It contains a complete statement of the law as it stood in Littleton s time relating to homage, fealty, and escuage, the money compensation to be paid to the lord in lieu of military service to be rendered to the king. The third and concluding book of Littleton s treatise deals mainly with the various ways in which rights over land can be acquired and terminated in the case of a single possessor or several possessors.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"LITTLETON, Sir Thomas","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820340191567,"sku":"L3299","price":1850.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/image-1-1.jpg?v=1781794846"},{"product_id":"ennenkel-georgius-acacius","title":"ENNENKEL, Georgius Acacius.","description":"\u003cp\u003eA good, clean copy, of excellent provenance, of the first edition of this interesting legal work on Roman and civil law regulating the relationship between parents and children perhaps the earliest separate treatment of this subject. This copy appears to have been in the library of the Austrian archdukes quite possibly a presentation; the work is dedicated to Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria. Georgius Acacius Ennenkel (1573-1620), Baron von Hoheneck, an Austrian Protestant aristocrat, studied classics and philosophy at Strasbourg and T√ºbingen. He married the daughter of Christoph Freiherr von Althann, president of the Exchequer of the Austrian empire. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Ennenkel calls the parents-children relationship  the closest and strongest of all human ties and contracts . He begins with an introduction to the meaning of  parent  and  child  according to Roman and civil right, with the help of authorities like Baldus de Ubaldis. He comments on dozens of particular circumstances, e.g., that a  contemptuous and impious  father should legally be considered a father nevertheless; the cases in which the mother is Jewish or another relative has acted  in loco parentis ; that a baby  who died during delivery  should not be considered legally a son or daughter, as well as any child struck by supernatural monstrosities or portents. The second section is an historical overview of laws among the Romans, Greek and Jews, touching on the murder of children and the extent of parental authority. The following discuss dozens of legal topics, such as  pietas  between parents and children; the rights and duties of fathers (e.g., their authority, their right to take revenge (e.g., killing an adulterous daughter); in case of  frightful events  children are not compelled to obey their fathers, what happens after a father s death); the necessity of parental consent for marriages; their obligations in terms of sustenance to their children; and inheritance. A scarce and fascinating reference work for the history of children and the family.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ENNENKEL, Georgius Acacius.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820346777935,"sku":"L3362","price":2750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_9329.jpg?v=1781794810"},{"product_id":"mazzolini-da-prieiro-silvestro","title":"MAZZOLINI DA PRIEIRO, Silvestro.","description":"\u003cp\u003eA handsome copy, in its original Flemish binding, of this most important legal work. Silvestro Mazzolini da Prierio (or Prierias, 1456\/7-1527) was a Dominican theologian, professor at Bologna, Pavia and Rome, and Master of the Sacred Palace from 1511, by request of Julius II. He is renowned for being the first Catholic theologian to publish a critique based on the Indulgences section of his  Summa  on Luther s theses on papal authority in 1519 (Tavuzzi,  Luther s Catholic Opponents , 224). Among his wide-ranging works, including astronomy and demonology,  Summa summarum , or  Summa Sylvestrina , was the most successful. First published in 1514, it was reprinted over 50 times. It is an alphabetic compendium of varied theological and legal questions, spanning sacraments, adultery, divorce, holy water, natural and illegitimate children, murder, heresy, bigamy, ban for clerics to fight in war, juridical issues (e.g., accusation and oaths), and alchemy, reaffirming Catholic beliefs. The near contemporary annotator noted this in his glosses to the Eucharist section, mentioning the Lutheran position (officially formulated in 1536), based on Mark 14 and Luke 22, that the body and blood of Christ are truly present in the consecrated bread and wine. More generally, he highlighted adding notes from authorities like Gregory IX s  Decretals , and  updates  from the Lateran Council V (1512-17) questions involving criminal law (e.g., if people accused and condemned to execution can defend themselves), canon law (e.g., ecclesiastical benefices, elections, excommunication, masses, burials, simony, superstition), and practical questions such as the materials allowed for the making of chalices (i.e., not prone to rusting or fragility), and that  altars should not be made of wood or earth, but of stone , which he glossed with explanations, also on decorations allowed, with references to the Old Testament. He added glosses on the confessions of condemned criminals, on the scaffold and at the stake. In the C17, this copy was in the library of the monastery of the Augustinians of the Order of the Holy Cross in Cuik, North Brabant. Its wealthy library, with over 1400 books including mss and incunabula, was dispersed after Napoleon s suppression of religion orders in 1812 (Hermans,  Annales , 172). Rare.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MAZZOLINI DA PRIEIRO, Silvestro.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820347367759,"sku":"L3286","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/1.-Mazzolini-cover.jpg?v=1781794810"},{"product_id":"canon-law","title":"[CANON LAW]","description":"\u003cp\u003eA very good copy of this small-format formulary for canonists, first printed in Rome in 1474. It is a collection of templates for legal documents, preceded by a detailed index. These precedents, which follow the practice of ecclesiastical courts of the papal curia, had been circulating in ms. among scribes and clerks, in the C15. The collection is subdivided into broad categories, split in turn into more specific types. Among these are forms for the approval of the university curriculum and the obtainment of a  Baccalaureatus , as well as precedents for the surrendering of debt, the collection of ecclesiastical benefices, the purchase of habitations, the summons of prisoners to court, and even the purchase of books. For this, a template, which uses Justinian s  Infortiatum  as an example, identifies the notary as the witness to a financial transaction between the owner and the bookseller, for the sale of the book at the price of ten florins, and for which the number of leaves and the words at the beginning and end of text and the commentary should be specified. A very sound idea. This third German edition testifies to the gradual spreading of  the learned Romano-canonical procedure   into the German-speaking regions that traditionally had had lay judges ( Sch√∂ffen )  (Korpiola,  Introduction , 11).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[CANON LAW]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820347859279,"sku":"L3391","price":7500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3391-1.jpg?v=1781794806"},{"product_id":"wine","title":"[WINE].","description":"\u003cp\u003eRemarkably well-preserved, ephemeral deed granting the use of a vineyard in Morales, near Zamora. This area, with the province of Salamanca, in north-western Spain, was part of the Tierra del Vino later a controlled designation of origin. The document includes a  carta de troque, cambio y permutaci‚àö‚â•n  (for exchange and permutation) and a  carta de juramento  (oath), both in the name of Bachiller Alvar Rodrigues of Sant Ysidro, son of Dr Juan Rodrigues of Sant Ysidro, resident in Zamora a member of the Council of King Ferdinand and magistrate at the Real Chanciller‚àö‚â†a in Valladolid (Dominguez,  Nobleza , 485). A  carta de troque  stated the reciprocal transfer of items of the same kind between two parties here between Rodrigues, and Alfonso Estevan and his wife Cathalina Fernandes of nearby Morales in this case, also a  permutaci‚àö‚â•n , without the need for money exchange ( Discursos juridicos , 45-8). Rodrigues gave a vineyard he owned within the boundaries of Morales and Almantaya, between the vineyards of Juan de Morales and Juan Estevan, in exchange for two, the borders of which were the vineyards of the Bachiller himself, that formerly of Diego de Zamora, and another. The rest explains, for both sides, the conditions of the exchange, including specified fines for non-compliance equalling the value of the vineyards, the degree of ownership and their responsibility concerning the management of the vineyard, e.g., tax payment to the king, prince and lords. The  carta de juramento  reinforced the first document with an official oath.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[WINE].","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820348088655,"sku":"L3507","price":8750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_9416.jpg?v=1781794805"},{"product_id":"hotman-francois-with-mynsinger-von-frundeck-joachim","title":"HOTMAN, François. [with] MYNSINGER von FRUNDECK, Joachim.","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn a solid, handsome pigskin binding. The centrepieces are signed G.K. (Georg d. ‚àö√ë. Kammerberger, EBDB w000435 and Haebler I 221-225).  The Kammerbergers were a family of bookbinders, whose workshops in Wittenberg were active during a large part of the C16 and throughout the C17 century. The company probably flourished under Georg Kammerberger the Younger in the 1590s, who was elected Master of the Guild in 1592  (Haebler). This binding is stamped with the finely cut arms of Christian I, Elector of Saxony, and those of Johann Georg, Elector of Brandenburg. Christian I married Sophie of Brandenburg, Johann Georg s daughter, in 1586; after her husband s death in 1591, she became Regent (Sophia Electrix) during the minority of their son, until 1600. Given that, during the Regency, her personal arms were used in escutcheons and medals, this binding was probably produced for her library in the preceding years, with the Saxon and Brandenburg arms identifying her status as wife and daughter. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Two important commentaries to Justinian s  Institutiones  a cornerstone of the Western legal system. Justinian I (482-565) ruled for forty years over the Byzantine empire and succeeded in temporarily rekindling the former splendour of Rome by reclaiming Italy, Dalmatia and Spain from the Ostrogoths and Visigoths.  Institutiones  is part of his  Corpus iuris civilis , the first codification of Roman law. Based on the  Institutiones  of Gaius, and other authorities, including Ulpian, it is a compendium of the basic institutions of Roman law devised by Theophilus and Dorotheus, two Byzantine law professors, under the supervision of Tribonian. François Hotman (1524-90) was a French Protestant lawyer associated with the anti-absolutist faction. In his revolutionary  Anti-Tribonian , he advocated the substitution, in France, of Roman law based on Justinian, a change the king could have enforced with a legislative act. With a philological approach, he  favoured an alliance between law and history in order to distinguish between  old law  and  new law , that is, between obsolete law and authoritative law , being concerned with  salvaging what still had practical value  among Roman laws (Kelley,  François Hotman , 189). His  Commentarius , also featuring a life of Justinian, sought to highlight Roman laws still relevant to the present, distinguishing originals and interpolations by later jurists, including the berated Tribonian. Joachim Mynsinger von Frundeck (1514-88) was a German jurist and writer, a judge at the Imperial Chamber of Justice in Speyer and later Vice-Chancellor of Helmstedt University. He was the first to publish documents of the so-called  cameralistic jurisprudence , the decisions of the Imperial Chamber based on confidential consultation. Here in a scarce German edition,  Apotelesma  was organised  in the form of  glossae  or annotations to single passages in the text, accompanied by brief comments. (Padoa-Schioppa,  History , 269). Subjects include the laws relating to agriculture, wills, evidence, landed property and inheritance.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HOTMAN, François. [with] MYNSINGER von FRUNDECK, Joachim.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820348350799,"sku":"L3403","price":5950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_8605.jpg?v=1781794804"},{"product_id":"grassus-antonius","title":"[GRASSUS, Antonius.]","description":"\u003cp\u003eVery good, well-margined copy of this scarce Roman edition of an extremely successful manual for notaries. First composed c.1400, it circulated extensively in ms. before reaching the press in Rome in 1474 and undergoing numerous reprints in Italy, Flanders, France and Germany, as well as a German translation, until the early 1500s. Its authorship is debated: although the Brescia edition mentions the name of the Bolognese Antonius Grassus, judge of the Apostolic Tribunal of the Sacred Rota, it has also been attributed to the French jurist Johannes de Gradibus or simply considered anonymous. The title  Ars notariatus  was constructed a posteriori following a variation of the incipit found in some ms. copies  Notariatus [instead of  Notaria ] est ars scribendi et dictandi  . It is a very simple and clear summary of a notary s work which it introduces as follows:  the art of being a notary is the art of writing and expressing arguments in writing so as to straighten the complexities of human fragility and commit them to perennial memory.  There follows a clarification of what a notary is by law and who can become a notary a free man, not of peasant origins, not constrained by other ties (e.g., holy orders), a male individual compos mentis (e.g., he should not be prone to excessive anger), with good eyesight and hearing, sound reputation and character (still desirable). The rest of the work is concerned with what and how a notary should proceed in his everyday business dealing with contracts, obligations, customs, sales arbitrations and stipulations, and, most importantly, how to deal with last wills and testaments and the subdivision of inheritance (e.g., if a son refuses to ransom his father from the Saracens and the father dies in prison, his inheritance will go to the Church). A little jewel of early legal studies, from one of the most productive presses in late C15 Rome, shedding light on the professional role and individual character of the medieval notary.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[GRASSUS, Antonius.]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820348645711,"sku":"L3077","price":5950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/ars-notariatus-L3077-2.jpg?v=1781794804"},{"product_id":"theloall-simon","title":"THELOALL, Simon","description":"\u003cp\u003eFirst edition of a scarce register of writs, dedicated to the lord chancellor Sir Thomas Bromley  from my poore house neere Ruthin in Wales the first of October 1579 .  The author was the first to reduce all the readings and discourses upon writs into a methodical Common Place Book.  Marvin.  Legal Bibliography, Or a Thesaurus of American, English, Irish, and Scotch law books.  The earliest printed attempt appeared in 1531 (Register brevium) but it was too bulky a volume for the student. On the other hand, the students hand book,  the Natura Brevium  was, in spite of the efforts to correct it, somewhat out of date. Theloall s Digest established itself as the accepted Register of Writs, effectively filling a crucial vacuum  The common law had grown up round the royal writs. They formed the ground plan upon which its builders worked; and it is for this reason that the learning of writs was the first thing taught to students of the law. Seeing that the choice of a wrong or inappropriate writ meant loss of the action, this learning continued to be of the utmost importance to the practitioner all through his career.   It (this work) deserved to be printed, as it is the most orderly treatise on procedure, founded on the Year Books, that had yet appeared  Historically, it comes between the older commentaries upon writs and the modern books on procedure.  Holdsworth, A history of English law. Theloall s Digest owes its origin to the suggestion of Staunford that it would be a good idea if lawyers would write treatises on the other titles of the abridgements, similar to his study of Prerogatives. Staunford illustrated his meaning by showing how Briefs might be treated. Theloall chose this title, and wrote a treatise on it for his own use. The manuscript, having been lent, eventually found its way to a printer. A second edition was published in 1678. The dedicatory epistle is written in English and printed in Black letter, unlike the rest of the work which is in law French. A very good copy of this scarce work.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"THELOALL, Simon","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820350939471,"sku":"L3411","price":2750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/1-3_df8d8841-9fcf-47ee-b34c-72bfcb8112e0.jpg?v=1781794796"},{"product_id":"military","title":"[MILITARY]","description":"\u003cp\u003eFirst edition of this focal work from Charles I s expedition against the Scots in 1639. Rarer than the London reissue, this Newcastle edition was the second book printed in Newcastle. This pamphlet was produced during the Bishops  Wars of 1639 and 1640, when the Scots had opposed the bishops appointed by the king, instead favouring a Presbyterian kirk (church), where a more localised and democratic form of election to power was common. Charles attempted to impose bishops on the Scots, leading Scots to expel them from the kirk. Charles responded by marching 20,000 English soldiers up to Edinburgh as well as sailing 5,000 naval troops to Aberdeen. The king chose to fund the mission with his own resources rather than Parliament s. This book was created when the army had marched as far as Newcastle, en route to Berwick-upon-Tweed where they were planning to muster. It sought to instruct the mainly untrained conscripts the complexities and correct practices of war and was distributed and read out to the soldiers. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Key emphasis is given to correct moral and religious behaviour, i.e. no blasphemy, gambling,  whoredom , nor drunkenness. Charles insists on soldiers behaving like gentlemen, and any that engage in  notorious crimes  like  willfull murders, rapes, burning of houses, thefts, outrages, unnatural absues  and so on will be mortally punished. Attention is paid to the respectful treatment of women and children, with no dishonest touching permitted. Treachery, mutinies, disrespecting authority, cowardice, deception and idleness have the appropriate punishment for each described. The detail reveals the inexperience of the army Charles was heading. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n The 14th Earl of Arundel, Thomas Howard (1586-1646), is described as the general of Charles  armed forces. Howard was a lover of the arts and travel, and his appointment to this role baffled the aristocracy including Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, who stated  he had nothing martial about him but his presence and looks.  Howard was not enlisted to lead any forces during the second Bishops  War of 1640. The printer, Robert Barker (c. 1570-1643), had a long and complex career. He had served James I and had printed both the King James Bible and the infamous  Wicked Bible . Barker was called to the press during Charles  march northwards, and arrived to serve the King around May 8th 1639. Having published a proclamation about butter and a printing of Bishop Morton s sermon, Barker produced the Lawes and Ordinances of Warre, which was allegedly read aloud  in a miserable cold morning with hail and snow.  Perhaps this, along with the disorganisation of Charles and his army, the ineptness of Howard as a military leader, and the untrained and unruly soldiers, explains why the first Bishops  War was concluded with favour to the Scots. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n From the libraries of George Dunn of Woolley Hall (1864-1912) and Thomas Francis Fremantle, Lord Cottesloe (1862-1956). George Dunn was a prolific collector of books and a keen student of palaeography and early printing. He accumulated a fine library at Woolley Hall, near Maidenhead, consisting of English law books, medieval manuscripts and early stamped bindings. Lord Cottesloe acquired one of the most complete collections of military books.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[MILITARY]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57820351496527,"sku":"L3379\/2","price":2250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/Untitled-5-1_5c1d5729-e8eb-4a72-aaf8-44558e0f5024.jpg?v=1781794794"},{"product_id":"agricola-franciscus","title":"AGRICOLA, Franciscus","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis copy was in the library of David Gregor Corner (1585-1648), abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Göttweig, Lower Austria, in 1631-48. Educated in Breslau, Prague and Graz, he was a priest before entering Göttweig and becoming a major Counter-Reformation figure. For Austrian communities who had recently returned to Catholicism he published ‘Groß Catholisch Gesangbuch’ (1625), a hymn book which ‘brought together […] all the Catholic hymn books he could have access to at the time’ (Allg. Deut. Lex.).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eA very good copy of this scarce and interesting work on clerical concubinage. Franciscus Agricola (1548-1624) was a Catholic priest at Rödingen and Sittard, Netherlands, and a prolific theological author—‘one of the most important controversists of the Reformation’ (‘Annalen’, 191). ‘Nova Apodixis’ (rhetorical demonstration) was a harsh critique of the dangerous status of clerical concubinage—i.e., the cohabitation of priests ‘more uxorio’, with ‘de facto’ wives and even children. This issue, which had plagued the Church since the middle ages and was berated by Reformers, was systematically addressed at the Council of Trent. Concubinage was henceforward considered a capital sin which, upon relapse, was punished by excommunication. It remained nevertheless widespread, and until the first quarter of the C17, works continued to be written on the subject. ‘[These] reflected the new, ideal model of sacerdotal life that had been […] enforced in the post-Tridentine Church, namely that which saw the role of the priest transform from a typically medieval “ministerial” figure—meaning someone who simply administered the sacraments—to that of a “shepherd of souls”’ (Salvi, 257). Agricola’s first section sets the tone by presenting concubinage as a mortal sin which, for ecclesiastical clerics, is worse than for secular ones or laymen. In particular, clerics guilty of the sin of ‘luxuria’ and the ‘sacrilege of libido’ who administer communion and all other sacraments, are ‘worse than the traitor Judas’ and ‘almost crucify Christ again’. With particular attention to relapsing clerics (‘impaenitentes’), the following sections seek to demonstrate how they are, among others, ‘sons’ and ‘servants’ of the devil, ‘dogs’, ‘thieves of souls’, ‘idolaters’, ‘worse than adulterers’, ‘heretics’, ‘haters of God’ and ‘worse than infidels’. The second part—‘De exarchia seu primatu S. Petri, et successorum eius’—supports the Counter-Reformation tenet of the pope’s authority over the Church. Each section begins with quotations from authorities (scriptural or theological) supporting the Catholic or Reformed stance on St Peter’s pre-eminence over the other apostles, and proceeds to analyse these statements at length.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AGRICOLA, Franciscus","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859627876687,"sku":"L3542","price":1650.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3542.jpg?v=1781793803"},{"product_id":"francois-i-2","title":"FRAN√áOIS I","description":"\u003cp\u003eRare second edition of this most important ordinance by Francois I,  first published in 1540, known as the ‚Äòl‚ÄôOrdonnance d‚ÄôAbbeville‚Äô which is in effect the Dauphinoise version of the famous ‚ÄòOrdonnance Villers-Cotter√™ts‚Äô, one of the foundational sets of laws written on behalf of Francois I in 1539, and the oldest legislative text still in force in France today; its articles concerning the French language never having been repealed. The ‚ÄòOrdonnance Villers-Cotter√™ts‚Äô, with 192 articles, is now best known for being the founding act of the primacy and exclusivity of the French language, over Latin or regional dialects, in documents relating to public life in France. It was made to facilitate the proper understanding of administrative and judicial acts, but also to strengthen monarchical power, and required that all official documents be written ‚Äúin the French mother tongue and not otherwise‚Äù. French thus became the official language of law and administration in place of Latin. In addition this ordinance reformed ecclesiastical jurisdiction, reduced certain prerogatives of regions and towns and made compulsory the keeping of registers of baptisms and burials by parish priests. This most important ordinance, entitled ‚ÄúOrdonnance du Roy sur le fait de justice‚Äù was written by the Chancellor, Guillaume Poyet, the celebrated lawyer and member of the King‚Äôs Privy Council. It has often been referred to as the ‚ÄòGuillemine‚Äô or ‚ÄòGuilelmine‚Äô in reference to its author and was of huge importance in the making of the French state.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Villers-Cotter√™ts Ordonnance was not applied immediately in the Dauphiné as the parliament of Dauphiné initially refused to accept it on the grounds that they were not officially part of the Kingdom of France. Francis I then issued a new ordinance, adapted to the Dauphiné, called the ‚ÄòOrdonnance d‚Äô Abbeville‚Äô, the present volume. It was in fact much more comprehensive than the Villers-Cotter√™ts ordinance, which had only 192 articles; it reviews, in 439 articles, all aspects of the courts and judiciary in the Dauphiné. The obligation to write acts in French remained (article 95), but not the article on baptismal registers. The ordinance was made in February, 1540, and was registered by the Dauphiné  Parliament on April 9, 1540. It marks the first step in the full integration of the Dauphiné into French institutions. It was in effect a standardisation of the laws in France which disguised a power grab by the king in asserting his power over the regions. The ordinance is a major step in the construction of the modern French state by defining new rules and a new organisation of the justice system which strengthened royal power to the detriment of ecclesiastical and regional power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe work is also most interesting for the coordinated way in which it was published. The ordinances of Villers-Cotter√™ts and d‚ÄôAbbeville were the first royal acts to have been the subject of a massive and organised distribution throughout France. In a few months, nearly twenty thousand copies were printed in Paris and in the provinces under the direction of the wealthy Parisian bookseller Galliot Du Pré who enjoyed a monopoly thanks to a royal privilege, the first of its kind granted for an administrative act. This privilege was issued by order of the Chancellor Guillaume Poyet who was undoubtedly at the origin of this publishing campaign, made on an unprecedented scale, which reveals his desire for rapid implementation of the ordinance throughout France.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FRAN√áOIS I","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859627974991,"sku":"L3382","price":2950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_9147.jpg?v=1781793801"},{"product_id":"florence-1","title":"[FLORENCE]","description":"\u003cp\u003e.A remarkably scarce ephemeral survival of the first edition of this  Bando  preventing all Florentine artisans working with gold from emigrating, and thus reduce the number and quality of skilled workers in Florence. Updating a similar bando printed c.1575, it addressed a wide variety of artisans working with gold within and without the Duchy. These were goldsmiths, gold leaf makers, cutters, dyers, painters, weavers and washers of silk or linen woven with gold thread, and makers of instruments and scissors to use on gold leaf. They were ordered to report in person, within 3 (if in Italy) or 4 (if abroad) months, to the major guild of the Arte della Seta at Por Santa Maria. In case of no-show, they should immediately have their goods seized and permission would be granted to anyone to kill them without punishment. If the murderer was a bandit, he could be pardoned; if he wasn t, he could request pardon for a bandit. Those who showed up would not be asked to repay public or private debts for a year, or be prosecuted for their debts, but could not leave Florence again without a licence.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .Giorgio Marescotti received an official ten-year privilege to print bandi in 1585, though he was never  stampatore ducale  (Biagiarelli, 318). For printers, the production of and trade in administrative  ordini  and  bandi  was  safe and abundant due to the high number of magistrates issuing ordnances, regulations, provisions, etc. which quickly expired and were quickly renewed  (Biagiarelli, 317-18).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[FLORENCE]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859628400975,"sku":"L3501","price":2250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3501-1.jpg?v=1781793801"},{"product_id":"calthrope-charles","title":"CALTHROPE, Charles.","description":"\u003cp\u003eImportant legal work by the English Crown official and judge Sir Charles Calthrope, or Calthorpe (c.\u003cbr\u003e\n1540-1616). Calthrope entered Lincoln’s Inn in 1560 and was called to the bar in 1569. He was an\u003cbr\u003e\nMP for Eye in 1572, and was later appointed Attorney General for Ireland as an ally of Sir John\u003cbr\u003e\nPerrot, the Lord Deputy. Calthrope’s position as Attorney General was met with considerable\u003cbr\u003e\ncriticism and resistance due to his alleged partisanship, inefficiency, minimal legal knowledge and a\u003cbr\u003e\nlack of deference to his Irish contemporaries. Despite this, Crawford has suggested that he may not\u003cbr\u003e\nhave been as terrible as he is portrayed in contemporary accounts; their criticism may have been\u003cbr\u003e\nbecause of his English identity and opposing political beliefs to the Irish members of the court\u003cbr\u003e\n(Crawford, Jon. A Star Chamber Court for Ireland – the Court of Castle Chamber 1571-1641, 2006).\u003cbr\u003e\nIndeed, on the title page of the present volume Calthrope is proclaimed as “the late Excellent and\u003cbr\u003e\nFamous lawyer Char. Calthrope of the Honorable Society of Lincolnes-Inne Esq.”, though this\u003cbr\u003e\nassertion may have some bias.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis work discusses various issues relating to land tenure, including the reasons a ‘coppy-holder’\u003cbr\u003e\nmay forfeit his estate, and which Lord can grant a coppy, and to whom. A ‘coppy-holder’ refers to the\u003cbr\u003e\ntenant of the bestowed estate. The text is based on his reading at Furnivall’s Inn in 1574. The book is\u003cbr\u003e\nbased on a series of grounds: the first, that there must be a manor for the maintenance of copyhold,\u003cbr\u003e\nthe second, “a custome for allowing the same”, the third there must be a court held for the proof of\u003cbr\u003e\nthe coppy-holders, the fourth that there must be a Lord to bestow the copyhold upon the tenant, the\u003cbr\u003e\nfifth that there must be a tenant with the capacity to take the tenement, and the sixth that “the thing to\u003cbr\u003e\nbe granted which must bee such as is grantable, and may bee helde of the Lord according unto the\u003cbr\u003e\nTenure”.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis publication is one of only six law books known to have been officially licensed from 1581-1640\u003cbr\u003e\ndue to the limited legal licensing system in place for the printing of legal texts during this period. On\u003cbr\u003e\ntop of this, this work was also printed “in contravention of the common law patent.” (Williams, Ian. Law,\u003cbr\u003e\nLanguage and the Printing Press in the Reign of Charles I: Explaining the Printing of the Common Law in English, 2019.)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CALTHROPE, Charles.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859632300367,"sku":"L3637","price":1250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/1-3_41604d05-bf5d-4552-bd88-5d4ad37d96af.jpg?v=1781793792"},{"product_id":"capestrano-johannes-de-et-al","title":"[CAPESTRANO, Johannes de, et al.]","description":"\u003cp\u003e.This manuscript comprises copies of some of the most important regulations relating to Franciscan Tertiaries. Its Umbrian origin is proved by the names of the four notaries, copied by a secretary, who had authenticated the original documents. Three, from Gubbio, were  imperial  notaries, i.e., of the Curia Vescovile.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .The collection opens with the final part of a key text in the definition of their legal status:  Defensorium tertii Ordinis beati Francisci  by the reformer John of Capestrano (1386-1456), a Franciscan Minor, doctor  in utroque  and major contributor in debates on the legal status of Franciscan Orders in the early C15. Written c.1440,  Defensorium  comprises  consilia  by eminent jurists, defending the clerical status of regular Tertiaries. Although they did not take orders strictu sensu, and lived outside religious institutions, these nevertheless wore the habit and followed the Franciscan rule. As such, in case, of legal complications, they would be tried according to ecclesiastical, not civil, law. This manuscript features the last few paragraphs of Capestrano s  consilium , followed by those of Cato de Saccis, Luchinus de Curte, Bartholomeus de Barateriis, Lucae de Vernaciis and Franciscus de Folengus and Augustinus de Manzariis de Castro.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .The remainder of the manuscript includes whole documents or excerpts relating to the Tertiaries, sometimes copied without interruption, dating from the C13 to the C15. For instance, the Bulla Supra Montem (1289), by which Nicholas IV approved the Third Order; a letter to Jordanus, Bishop of Albano, on the Third Order (1426); several apostolic privileges issued by Eugenius IV; the immunity of ecclesiastical persons; and excerpts from a bull by Alexander IV (1258).  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .The complexity of the Tertiaries  legal status required that notaries had at hand all regulations on the subject, especially in case of inheritance, bequests, etc. In Umbria, members of the Third Order both secular (living in their own homes) and regular (living in organised communities) had increased substantially since the C14. Female communities were particularly common, organised around non-claustral convents or in small groups centred around the houses of secular members (generally unmarried women or widows). Among the vows undertaken by the regulars was not that of poverty, which was problematic, as Tertiaries generally continued to purchase or sell land, pay off debts, etc. (Casagrande, 386-90). In case of inheritance, for instance, it should be determined whether the testament was made before or after the signatory joined the Order, and whether their closest relatives or the Order had priority. All documents in this collection concern  fratres  and  sorores  alike.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .A remarkable survival of the practical and legal complexities of late medieval religious communities.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[CAPESTRANO, Johannes de, et al.]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859632759119,"sku":"L3563","price":20000.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/1_1366c61e-1756-4ba7-858a-902f6fc3509e.jpg?v=1781793789"},{"product_id":"gregory-ix-4","title":"GREGORY IX","description":"\u003cp\u003e.A handsomely illustrated edition of Pope Gregory IX s decretals, printed by the Venetian Lucantonio Giunta in 1514. Among the other illustrated editions of this fundamental canonical text, such as the first printed edition by Heinrich Eggesteyn (Strasbourg, 1470-72) with 13 miniatures or the 1528 edition by Octavianus Scoto (Venice) with only five, this one stands out for the considerably higher number of pictures illustrating the text. In this volume, the printer included   in addition to the full-page tables of descent and consanguinity (Arbor Consanguinitatis and Affinitatis)   more than 180 splendid woodcuts. The full-page scene depicting Pilate washing his hands before Christ (f. V, verso) is perhaps the most fascinating. In fact, it is a copy of a woodcut realised by the famous Swiss goldsmith, painter and printmaker Urs Graf (1485-1528), whose artistic output arises from Albrecht s D√ºrer tradition. Interestingly, Pilate is wearing a Jewish hat and a beard: from the eleventh century onwards, this was a popular iconography used to symbolise that, together with Pilate, the Jews were to blame for Christ s death. Part of a series of 25 woodcuts of Christ s ministry and the Passion, this picture appeared for the first time in 'Passionis Christi unum ex quattuor Evangelistis Textum', published in Strasbourg by J. Knoblouch in 1507. The artist realised another reproduction of an Urs Graf s scene, which appears in the  Decretum Gratiani  printed by L. Giunta in the same year. As the style of the numerous woodcuts in both editions is similar, it is possible that they were made by the same artist   however, an identification is not proposed by Essling and Sander. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .The Decretals of Gregorii IX, also known as  Liber Extra , is a compilation of constitutions, papal letters and conciliar canons published by Pope Gregory IX in 1234. This collection was realised by the jurist St. Raymond of Penyafort, a Dominican, as a replacement and update to the former Decretum Gratiani published in 1050. This edition, framed by the standard gloss (or Glossa Ordinaria) by the canonist Bernardo Bottoni, is arranged in five books, respectively concerned with the institutions of church government, procedure, clerical life, marriage and criminal law. Within each chapter, headings are rubricated to mark that they have the force of law. Part of the Corpus Iuris Canonici, Gregory IX s Decretals remained binding law of the Catholic church until 1917.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .At the beginning of the XVI century, the Giunta press in Venice was one of the leading publishers in Venice, exporting copies all around Europe..  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .A very good copy of this milestone of canon law, with unique and beautiful illustrations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GREGORY IX","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859633676623,"sku":"L3616","price":7500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/1-8_225bb63d-deaf-41d1-aa68-142fa0990a98.jpg?v=1781793788"},{"product_id":"magna-carta-1","title":"[MAGNA CARTA].","description":"\u003cp\u003eRare first edition of the  Secunda Pars Veterum Stautorum , a collection of early statutes, often found with a first part, the Magna Carta, though issued and saleable and often reprinted separately. It contains many important early statutes such as the  Statuta Valliae , which provided the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality of Wales from 1284, superseded only three years after this printing in 1535 when Henry VIII made Wales unequivocally part of the  realm of England . \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n  The small edition of the  Antiqua Statuta , first printed by Pynson in 1508, and afterwards frequently reprinted, contains Magna Charta, Charta de Foresta, the Statues of Merton, Marlbridge, Westminster, 1 and 2, and other statutes previous to 1 Edw. III. in Latin and French respectively. These are the earliest printed copies now know of those statutes.   In 1531 Berthelet printed an edition of the  Antiqua Statuta , similar to the editions by Pynson, with some additions. In 1532 Berthelet also printed a collection of the statutes previous to 1 Edw. III. not included in the  Antiqua Statuta . This collection he intituled  Secunda Pars Veterum Statutorum , and it is always so distinguished. It was frequently reprinted. The statutes contained in it are in French and Latin respectively. Neither in the  Antiqua Statuta  or in the  Secunda Pars Veterum Statutorum , were the contents arranged with any chronological accuracy. In the Antiqua Statuta the Two Charters, and the Statutes of Merton, and Marlbridge, and Westminster 1 and 2, are placed first, and the other matters follow in a very confused manner. No better order is preserved in the  Secunda Pars . Charles Purton Cooper  An Account of the Most Important Public Records of Great Britain.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n The binding is an interesting and extremely rare survival; the block is wrapped in an early printed leaf which it seems from the same work as the leaf used for the stubs within the book, suggesting that the leaf was originally intended for use in the binding as pastedowns. The Vellum wallet cover has cuts in place for the binding cords also suggesting that the book was being prepared for a binding that was never completed. It has remained in such an unfinished state probably since the sixteenth century. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n An exceptionally rare and important first edition of these early statutes.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[MAGNA CARTA].","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859635380559,"sku":"L3487","price":5950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3487-3.jpg?v=1781793781"},{"product_id":"philip-of-spain","title":"PHILIP OF SPAIN.","description":"Fascinating legal manuscript recording the judgement of the council of Novara in a dispute between two important noble families on the one side and the extremely prominent Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma on the other. The document is dated 7th July 1566 and concerns Johannes Francicsus Tornielli and Marcus Antonius Brusati and Franciscus Maria Plotus who is named as their associate. The court proceedings are richly described with a sense of immediacy; almost in the style of a stenographer. The manuscript commences with an address to Philip II, King of Spain, Sicily and Milan, and entreats him to approve the judgement of the council as presented to him and in making his final decree, to remove all discord. It is also stated that his judgement will set a precedent for future disputes of this kind. The council members and their relative superiority and status to one another are described, naming key members as  subscripti . The scene is then set: Sunday 7th July 1566, in the evening, at the palazzo of Novara.\r \r The case concerns  Vasa Argentea , silver cups or vases, that should be given or returned to Alexander Farnese and his wife by Tornielli and Brusati. However, the two accused state  ipsa vasa penes se se non adesse, \u0026amp; nescrire quid de eis factus sit  , they don t have the vases and they don t know what has happened to them. They then state they don t want to be members of the council anymore and withdraw from proceedings. A lengthy case follows including a long history of both families, where they are described as  nobilissima e dignissima  and a list of the various honours and high positions the family members hold is put forth. This is corroborated by extensive historical evidence from as early as the twelfth century. A number of streets and monuments in the modern city still bear their name. One could compare them to the fictional Montagues and Capulets as these two families of Novara were often engaged in fierce conflict.\r \r The final decree is as follows: 500 gold coins must be paid by Tornielli and Brusati and they lose their positions in the council and therefore their voices on important matters. The official stamp of the council was affixed, and presumably a copy would have been sent to Philip of Spain s court for its ratification. The manuscript is not only a valuable record of a considerable and exciting legal dispute but also provides in remarkable detail how proceedings were conducted, naming key players and explaining concepts and events.\r \r Alexander Farnese was a prominent Italian noble and condottiero and general of the Spanish army. The Farnese family were hugely influential in Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He was sometime Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands. His mother was the half-sister of Philip II of Spain and Alexander was raised and educated in Spain until his marriage. This dispute occurred when he was 21 years old, a year after his marriage to Maria of Portugal, when he had just established himself in the city of Parma. Historical records indicate Farnese s time in Parma was filled with hunting, riding and other leisurely activities, until he left to fight the Turks in 1571.","brand":"PHILIP OF SPAIN.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859640000847,"sku":"L3636","price":5750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3636-2.jpg?v=1781793764"},{"product_id":"lambarde-william","title":"LAMBARDE, William.","description":"\u003cp\u003eRare newly enlarged edition of Lambard’s “Eirenarcha”, first published in 1581, bound with its companion work on the Duties of Constables, also enlarged and updated. “Written in a clear and unaffected style this manual remained for a long time the standard authority; Judge Blackstone speaks favourably of this work, and recommends it to the perusal of students.” (DNB). The first Book of the Eirenarcha contains a “theorique (or insight) of the office of the Justices”; the second sets out the jurisdiction of and the practice and procedure before the justices of the peace, the third of the justices with the quarter sessions, the fourth of the quarter sessions alone. It is followed by a table containing (“verie neare all”) the printed statutes and a selection of precedents. A good enlarged edition of one of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries best handbooks for practitioners in the courts of common law. “William Lambard’s Eirenarcha; or Of the Office of the Justices of Peace appeared in at least 13 editions between 1581 and 1619. Although Lambard’s title does not reference Fitzherbert, the manual’s prefatory epistle does. In his dedicatory epistle, Lambard informs Sir Thomas Bromley, Lord Chancellor of England, that when he first began writing his tract, he consulted earlier works, in particular Fitzherbert’s. Lambards manual, however, substantially amplifies Fitzherbert’s work, adding new material about the history of the office, clarifying the differing responsibilities of a single justice versus two or three, and providing procedures for the quarter sessions. Lambard does not include Fitzherbert’s sections on other local offices. In general, Lambard’s tract elevates the justice’s office, putting the “keeper of the peace” on a par with the monarch.” Christopher Cobb ‘Renaissance Papers 2009’. All good criminal law books tell the reader a great deal not just about the law but about the society that made them. Here there are detailed indictments i.a. for killing a man by witchcraft, bewitching a horse, for the rape of a child or maid (the age distinction was ten) and for keeping a bowling alley, hearing mass and for usury.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe second work, first published in 1582, is generally found as an addendum to Lambard’s Eirenarcha, a standard manual on the duties of Justices of the Peace, but in due course it became a much used text in its own right. In this edition the material has been extended, with additional paragraphs about, amongst others, churchwardens, surveyors of highways, those responsible for destroying “noisome foule \u0026amp; vermine”, and officials concerned with the poor and with prisons. William Lambard of Lincoln’s Inn was a prominent official of the Chancery bar, a learned lawyer and himself a justice of the peace.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"LAMBARDE, William.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859641639247,"sku":"L3409","price":1850.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_4909-copy.jpg?v=1781793751"},{"product_id":"loyseau-charles-1","title":"LOYSEAU, Charles.","description":"\u003cp\u003eImportant collection of three texts on public law by the French jurist Charles Loyseau (1564-1627), a lawyer in the Parlement of Paris and renowned social and legal commentator. Loyseau was born into a family of lawyers, his father being a favourite of Henri II and a lawyer at the Parlement of Paris. The editor of Loyseau s Oevures states in the introduction  il a surpass é la plupart de nos jurisconsultes dans la science du droit romain, et aucun d'eux ne l'a surpass é dans la connaissance de cette partie de la jurisprudence française qui regarde le droit public . The three works included in the present volume are considered his most significant and valuable, notable for their clear and informed approach to the science of law and laws. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Cinq Livres Du Droict Des Offices discusses the different offices of the French crown and what the roles entailed. Loyseau discusses offices in general, and then goes on to describe hereditary offices,  venal  offices,  non-venal  offices (the former became the office holders  property, the latter did not) and finally offices of the Seigneurs. He approaches the discussions from a moralistic standpoint, stating:  Ce go‚àö¬™t des offices est une esp√®ce de manie qui nous agite, car le mot ambition est d ésormais trop doux, bien qu invent é par les Romains pour signifier le d ésir immod ér é des offices; il en faut forger un autre pour nous et l appeler archomanie: la fureur d offices.  In this phrase Loyseau first coined the term  archomania , describing the unstable nature of offices in pre-revolutionary France. Loyseau is called  the greatest authority on French venality in the 17th century , (Esteves, Rui. Archomania: Venality and Private Finances on the Eve of the French Revolution). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Traict é Des Seigneuries discusses the seignories of France prior to the revolution. It heavily relates to land tenure and ownership, and Loyseau s knowledge was from his extensive experiences in seigneurial courts. Seigneurs could be individual figures or a collective entity such as a monastery or parish. Following the repeal of the feudal system in 1789 this practice of land ownership collapsed, making this an important record of pre-revolutionary France. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Traict é Des Ordres et Simples Dignite was translated into English. On this and Loyseau s works in general Jacket states,  This is the first English edition of a treatise which influenced French thinkers from its publication in 1610 until the end of the ancien regime. Charles Loyseau's Treatise of Orders and Plain Dignities is the third of three major works in which he set out to harmonise with law his fellow citizens' values and behaviour in the crucial sphere of possession and exercise of public power. In attempting this he developed a thesis, calculated to justify the monarch's overriding role, which illuminates contemporary perceptions of the nature of the state  This edition thus not only makes available an important text, but also casts light upon the intellectual milieu of those who administered early-modern France.  The work is now a crucial source for understanding the complex French social structure of the seventeenth century.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"LOYSEAU, Charles.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859643900239,"sku":"L3748","price":1250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3748-1.jpg?v=1781793742"},{"product_id":"bavaria","title":"BAVARIA.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.Stunning first edition of this remarkable collection of revised Bavarian statutes, beautifully printed in red and black on very high quality vellum, richly bound in English morocco. Only one copy on vellum is recorded (Morgan) outside German libraries. Luxury editions on vellum of important books, were produced in very small numbers to serve as presentation copies to the great and especially to patrons. Regarding this edition,  It has been asserted that the type employed in the vellum copies differs throughout from that in the paper copies   the headings, also, are all in red; in the paper copies they are said to be in black  (Fairfax Murray) \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .The  Reformacion der Ba√∂rischen Lanndrecht  constitutes a revised, codified and systematised new version of the  Oberbayerische Landrecht , the Bavarian law code issued by Ludwig IV in 1346. The introduction specifies that the old law is provided with additions, explained and brought into better order. A document of great cultural significance, the volume covers the whole range of private law, including trials, crime, morality, blasphemy, marriage and inheritance, commercial transactions.  The century before the theological reformation of Luther was an era of intense  legal reformation  in Germany. In the early fifteenth century, German jurists began to call for a thoroughgoing  reformation  (reformatio) of the doctirines, structures and methods of private and criminal law.   Beginning with Cologne in 1437, several German cities passed what they called  legal reformations .   They also included the new reformation laws of the principalities of Baden (1511), Franken (1512), Bavaria (1518)   These local legal reformations aimed, in part, to routinize and reform the civil laws and procedures of these local polities. At minimum, they reduced a good deal of local customary law to writing, often thereby supplanting the ancient urban and territorial laws of the twelfth and thirteenth century  (Witte). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .The fine vignette on the title page depicts the two brother Dukes, Wilhelm IV and Ludwig X of Bavaria, in full armour. Behind them, two tablets with the initials  HW  (Herzog Wilhelm) and  HL  (Herzog Ludwig). The woodcut, unsigned, was realised by Caspar Clofigl, an artist who worked at Munich about 1516-1529 as court painter to Duke Wilhelm. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .This volume was in the library of Hans F√ºrstenberg (1890-1982), a Franco-German banker and owner of one of the most significant private collections of precious early printed books, part of which he donated to important libraries, including the Biblioth√®que Nationale de France. He is also the author of philosophical and historical writings.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BAVARIA.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859645702479,"sku":"L3816","price":37500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/3.jpg?v=1781793737"},{"product_id":"donelli-hugo-doneau-hugues","title":"DONELLI, HUGO (DONEAU, HUGUES).","description":"\u003cp\u003eImpressively bound collection of two important legal texts by the French law professor Hugues Doneau, known in the Latinised form as Hugo Donelli, or Hugonis Donellus (1527-1591). Doneau studied in Toulouse and Bourges where he was educated in legal humanism by François Douaren, one of the leading proponents of the movement. Because he was a Calvinist, Doneau was forced to flee to Geneva, and took up a professorship at Heidelberg, and later Leiden and Altdorf, where he remained until he died. The scholar was constantly on the run because of his Calvinist beliefs. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Doneau became one of the leading figures in the dogmatic legal humanism movement thanks to the influence of François Douaren and Andrea Alciato. He applied Renaissance humanism to his law practices and legal texts, taking significant inspiration from Roman legal texts. The Comentarii de iure civili is his best known work, written at the end of his life, and focuses on the construction of a coherent system of law, systematising the entirety of Roman law into a logical order rather than the sequence of the books and titles of the Digest by Justinian I. Although the humanists had a minor immediate impact on the practice of law, the long term influence on legal science is notable. In Book I, Doneau makes general points on law, justice and legal sources, II and III examine the law of persons, IV-XVI deal with the law of things and XVII-XXVIII look at the law of actions. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n  In the history of European jurisprudence, this magnum opus was an unparalleled achievement, not in method but in dogmatics By way of the pandectists, the modern doctrine of civil law has adopted Doneau s central thoughts, which are rooted in his systematisation and individualisation of civil law.  Hattenhauer, Christian.  Hugues Doneau , Great Christian Jurists in French History, 2019.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"DONELLI, HUGO (DONEAU, HUGUES).","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859647078735,"sku":"L3749","price":1650.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3749-1.jpg?v=1781793731"},{"product_id":"odendorff-henricus-de","title":"ODENDORFF, Henricus de.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.Attractive first edition of this encyclopedia of canon law. This incunable was beautifully produced by Albrecht Kunne (b. 1435), the earliest printer of the Upper Swabia region in Germany. Kunne was an expert on printing types   he designed and created the lead letters himself   and this is the first appearance of his own  Schwabacher , a vibrant and decorative gothic type that resembles handwriting. Remarkably, this volume also contains one of the earliest examples of printed manicules. These fine  little hands  (maniculae), originally used in manuscripts to draw attention to important points in text, were introduced in print by Leonhard Pachel and Ulrich Scinzenzeller in 1479. Kunne was among the first to adopt and reproduce this symbol. The volume is further embellished with calligraphic hand-painted initials in blue and red ink. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .Henricus de Odendorff (often spelled Oldendorp\/Odendorp, c. 1360-1400), was born in Cologne. A  licentiatus utriusque iuris  meaning he obtained a doctorate in both civil and church law, he became rector at the University of Vienna in 1385 and contributed to the drafting of its statutes. He died, probably from the plague, around 1399-1400.  Repetitio capituli , is an encyclopaedia on confession comprising a detailed explanatory commentary on Canon 21,  Omnis utriusque sexus  (Everyone of both sexes), issued by the IV Lateran Council in 1215. This commands all Christians above twelve years of age, male or female, lay or clerical, to confess all sins at least once a year to their parish priest, under penalty of excommunication. In the introduction, Odendorff expresses his hope that this work will be appreciated and read in schools. This treatise explains every aspects of the sacrament of confession and what is expected from confessors as well as the rules they must obey. After the text of the canon in Latin and a German vernacular translation by Sixtus (von Tannberg), bishop of Freising (d. 1495), Odendorff analyses the text of the canon word by word (underlined in red), focusing on one  particula  (small section) at a time. The six main chapters deal with the three parts of confession   contrition, confession, satisfaction   and communion, and explain that a confessor should be  peritus  (expert), discuss different forms of penance (including how many days a man should  abstain from his woman ), and innumerable rules relating to particular circumstances e.g. confession in shipwreck or particular people e.g. the confessor of a prince. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .In 1577, this book was gifted to  M. Christophorus Kirmeserus , most likely Magister Christoph Kirmeser (b. 1550), a remarkable scholar born in Schemnitz (Upper Hungary) who graduated at Ingolstadt. He was rector of the pastoral school of Nysa (Poland, 1574-80) and later abbot of the Augustinian Monastery of Glatz (Poland, 1583) and of the Benedictine monastery of St. Lambrecht (Austria, 1596). He wrote a book of sermons published in 1582 at Ingolstadt. The donor of this volume was  Johannes Teskl , who defines himself as a  Doctor  meaning that he obtained a doctoral degree. The name might correspond to the German  Johann Teschl  or  Teschel    a man named Johann Teschel was priest of Marienau (Germany, south of Leipzig) in 1598 (K. Stehr, Chronik der ehemaligen Hochritterlichen Maltheser-Ordens-Commende, 1845, p. 179).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ODENDORFF, Henricus de.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859647734095,"sku":"L3787","price":15000.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/odendorff-L3787-4.jpg?v=1781793729"},{"product_id":"padua-1","title":"PADUA.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.Extremely rare first edition of these early statutes of the city of Padua. It was printed by the Swiss Leonardus Achates (also known as Leonardus de Basilea, active 1472-1491), one of the first to introduce printing to Italy. Publishing the statutes was a task of great responsibility rarely entrusted to foreign printers. The introduction, remarking on the importance and necessity of the statutes for the city, terminates with an invocation to the Virgin Mary. At the end, below the colophon, approximately nine lines of printed text were cancelled: this appears to be a characteristic of all copies of this edition (see description of the copy held at Venezia, Biblioteca des Museo Correr, Inc. E 195, ISTC is00721600). A second edition came out in 1528 (Venice, Guglielmo de Fontaneto sumptibus Girolamo Giberti). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .'Statuta Padavina' contains the legislative corpus of the city of Padua, based on the Roman 'ius commune'. Like all other medieval and Renaissance civic statutes in Italy, it encompassed decrees on criminal, civil, tax, estate, agricultural and commercial law first codified in the early thirteenth century, when Padua gained solid political and civic status, and later revised during the rule of Ezzelini, the Carraresi and, after 1405, the Serenissima. The volume is divided into numerous chapters concerned with specific topics - e.g. types of cases and procedures in civil courts, obligations for debt and usury, the purchase of goods and estates in the district of Padua, inheritance, the ownership and management of livestock and marriage. Following the structure of juridical manuals, each section details regulations concerning specific circumstances within its area of interest: e.g., the non-validity in civil courts of legal documents styled on 'charta bombicina' (cotton or silk paper), situations in which contracts are considered fraudulent or novices entering monasteries may or may not purchase goods. As was customary in civic statutes, criminal law and punishment seeking to control social order played a crucial part, with long sections devoted to prisons, fugitives, 'those who wander during the night carrying arms', the office of the 'iudex maleficorum' and criminal procedures for offences like murder, manslaughter, verbal abuse of the wounded and religious, blasphemy, adultery, vagrancy, prostitution, incest, rape, theft, arson and false testimony. It is the laws of any society at any time which illustrate its priorities and fears.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PADUA.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859649012047,"sku":"L3656B","price":19500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/DSC_9466.jpg?v=1781793726"},{"product_id":"vanzi-sebastiano","title":"VANZI, Sebastiano.","description":"\u003cp\u003e8vo, ff. (viii) 273 (liii). Roman and Italic letter, woodcut historiated initials, Aldine device to t-p. Intermittent waterstains and light spotting to outer blank margins, mainly to a few initial and final gatherings, title page a little bit soiled with partly cancelled early ms. ex. libris  Ulpiani Constantini firmani , lower outer corner repaired. A good copy in contemporary limp vellum, corners repaired, later ties. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .Second edition, first by the Aldine press, of this bestseller legal treatise on procedural nullity, that is the annulment of a legal act or a procedure. First published in 1552 in Lyon, this is Vanzi s only work: with twenty-four editions printed before 1625, the  Tractatus  earned the author international fame. Sebastiano Vanzi of Rimini (d. 1571) was an Italian jurist and lawyer who held the post of lieutenant of the auditor general of the Camera Apostolica in Rome under Pope Paul IV. In 1554, he was appointed bishop of Orvieto and attended the last session of the Council of Trent as one of the diffinitors. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n . Tractatus de nullitatibus , defined as  useful and extensive  by the author, is a brief but comprehensive discussion on the legal concepts of nullity and annullment. In Roman civil and criminal law, a sentence, judgement or legal act can be declared null in the absence of an element which is deemed essential to the effectiveness of the procedure   e.g. if the law was not fully followed, or infringed. In this treatise, Vanzi provides a general definition of the concept of nullity together with its etymology. The author explains how null procedures or sentences can be recognised (i.e. they are  missing  something), indicates who has the right to raise a claim of nullity during a trial or outside the court (i.e. all the actors involved) showcasing different situations. Vanzi also specifies in front of whom a plea of nullity has to be raised and who has the power to evaluate and annul (e.g. an appointed judge). The author describes in detail different types of nullity - e.g.  ex defectu iurisditionis ,  ex defectu citationis ,  ex defecto processus    and how they can be  repaired .  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .The manuscript ex libris on the title page belongs to  Ulpianus Constantinus Firmanus , most likely Ulpiano Costantini of Fermo, a city in the Marche region (central Italy). Ulpiano (mid. XVII century) was a member of the ancient and noble Costantini family and a professor of jurisprudence at the University of Fermo (see  Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana , Vol. II, 1981, p. 564).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VANZI, Sebastiano.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859653140815,"sku":"L3881","price":2950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3881-1.jpg?v=1781793718"},{"product_id":"zeno-marcus","title":"ZENO, Marcus.","description":"\u003cp\u003eDecorated manuscript on paper. \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Provenance: \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Written for the use of Jacobus Menutiis\/Minutiis, with his ownership inscriptions three times on the front endleaves and his arms and initials also, clearly produced for his practical use as a lawyer in Treviso and the vicinity. One of these ex libris gives his profession as a notary. Copies of this definitively local text seem to have always been few, and this manuscript was probably made directly from the original compendium held in the regional .palatio of Treviso (see below). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n Text: \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n This text announces in its prologue that it was called the  Zena  in Venetian Italian, and contains a compendium of laws and statutes local to the town of Treviso, a small town to the north east of Venice was under the direct rule of the Venetian doges throughout the Renaissance. It was commanded to be assembled by Marcus Zeno \"de venetii\", lord of Treviso, in 1390 (the date given here mistakenly  1290 ), and the Venetian name of the text in fact was taken from the name given to the original manuscript of the compendium kept in the regional .palatio of Treviso. That original codex is now lost, but a copy survives in another compendium of the early fifteenth-century copy (probably of .c. 1411), now in the archives of the Museo Civico of nearby Asolo (see G. Farronato and G. Netto, .Gli Statuti del Comune di Treviso (1316-1390) secondo il codice di Asolo, 1988), and that has been claimed as the earliest recorded manuscript. We have located only two others, both of the sixteenth century: in the library of St. Mark s in Venice (Cod. 182 chart.: J. Valentinelli, .Bibliotheca manuscripta ad S. Marci venetiarum, 1870, p. 124), and the Bodleian (H.O. Coxe, .Catologi codicum manuscriptorum, 1854, III, pp. 606-07, his no. 227, dated 1574). The text was published by G. Bettinelli in 1768 (.Statuta provisionesque ducales civitis Tarvisii, p. 425-511). \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n It opens with a short prologue, followed by a copy of a Venetian ducal document issued by Antonius Venerius, the doge of Venice in 1382-1400. The main text is a lengthy and notably thorough legal textbook (fols. 1r-76v), giving a thorough grounding in the civil law of the Venetian Republic, including sections on notaries (public and those of the chancellor), an array of types of wills, sample legal cases and pleas, sentencing, fugitives, petitions, pledges for debts and violent criminal cases such as injury resulting in bloodshed or murder, as well as many others. It opens with a list of all the chapters, in red ink, and then subdivides its material into ten books, covering: 1. The giving of evidence; 2. Civil pleas and cases; 3. Pledges and debts; 4. Appeals; 5. Legal agents; 6. Sales and contracts, as well as the officials of the chancellery; 7. Notaries and their functions; 8. Misleading documents; 9. Criminal cases; 10. Practical statutes for Treviso, describing themselves as diverse  acts . After a single blank gathering, the volume closes with an alphabetised index (in the main hand), here named the .Ordo solutionis.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZENO, Marcus.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859657072975,"sku":"L3564","price":36000.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_4845-copy.jpg?v=1781793709"},{"product_id":"zonaras-joannes-haeduus-joannes-quintinus-ed-with-gratianus","title":"ZONARAS, Joannes; HAEDUUS, Joannes Quintinus, ed. [with] GRATIANUS.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.A most interesting combination of very good copies, handsomely printed with wide margins, of two major works on the historic ecclesiastical regulations on the conduct and duties of the clergy. Attributed to Joannes Zonaras (fl. 12thC), a Byzantine historian and theologian,  Canones Apostolorum  reproduces, in Greek and Latin, the 85 rules of the early Christian Church, allegedly authorised by the Apostles, as well as those approved by the acknowledged ecclesiastical councils, each followed by a short explanation. First published in Mainz in 1525, in the context of anti-Lutheran debates, they are concerned with the duties and countenance of bishops, presbyters and deacons (e.g., concubinage, demeanour during sacraments, food and drink), the administration of religious life and the sacraments. The editor, the French canonist Johannes Quintinus Haeduus (d.1561), provides in the preface a most interesting description of the original Greek ms in the Royal Library reproduced here for the first time:  Magnificent is the very elegant script, written on splendid paper. The royal codex is bound.  The second work, here in the very scarce second edition (after that of 1556), is a compendium on the same subject drawn from the  Decretum  by the C12 jurist Gratian, only superseded as a canon law authority by Gregory IX s  Decretales  (1324). Edited by Haeduus, it includes excerpts from 25  distinctiones , alternating scriptural and patristic passages, and explanations from Part I of the  Decretum . Numerous regulations concern concubinage and the clergy s professional and personal relationship with young women. It is adds to the  Canones Apostolorum  and those of the following synods also references to Augustine, Jerome, and the writings of several popes.  \u003cbr\u003e\n  \u003cbr\u003e\n .In the late C16, this sammelband was in the library of Antoine Roy, from Saint-R émy-sur-Creuse, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, later rector of the nearby small parish of Grand-Pressigny. He was a  vocal  reader in that at times he used printed initials as a frame or as part of his crimson red signature, which appears a dozen times. Most probably in his hand is the long note at rear, concerning  Distinctio XXX , which he also glossed at margins. He added passages absent in the second work concerning the veneration of the images and relics of saints and martyrs, and the heretics who abhor it, from Epiphanius to (implicitly) the more recent Protestants.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZONARAS, Joannes; HAEDUUS, Joannes Quintinus, ed. [with] GRATIANUS.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859658875215,"sku":"L3859b","price":2250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3859b-3.jpg?v=1781793704"},{"product_id":"azo-of-bologna-with-blanosco-johannes-de","title":"AZO OF BOLOGNA [with] BLANOSCO, Johannes de.","description":"\u003cp\u003eDecorated manuscript on vellum.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA notably large and handsome legal sammelband, from the dawn of the gothic age, containing two important legal treatises – the second of great rarity and never appearing on the market before.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMost probably written and decorated for use in a southern French monastic community. The later provenance strongly suggests that this was the Benedictine Abbey of St. Mary of Lagrasse, in the Languedoc at the foot of the Pyrenees in south-western France. The house was founded in the seventh century, raised to abbey status in 779 by Charlemagne, and closed during the Secularisation of French monasteries following the Revolution, with its goods seized by the State in 1789 and sold.\u003cbr\u003e\nMonsieur Chapuy(?), priest (curé) of Lagrasse: his ex libris marks in pencil on front endleaf in a hand of c. 1800. Extensive antiquarian notes on second author in later pen on verso of same leaf, signed ‘Giray’. Then sold at auction, presumably by one of his heirs, in Lyon in the early twentieth century: a sale ticket of this date issued by Monsieur Guillot of the Hôtel des Ventes, 19 Rue Confort-Rue de l’Hopital 6 in that town, loose in front of volume.\u003cbr\u003e\nReemerged in sale in Nîmes 2022, the subject of several news reports and blogs.\u003cbr\u003e\nText:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA fine, large law codex with two important ms texts, produced in France between the mid-C13 and early C14. No other copy of the second work, ‘Libellus super titulo de actionibus’ – a fundamental text in feudal law – appears to have ever come to the market before.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMedieval lawyers had a sizeable corpus of local\/customary, Roman and Ecclesiastical law at their fingertips by the middle of the C12, but experienced enormous problems with its practical application and interpretation. The C12 and C13 saw various grand attempts, including the works in this sammelband, at producing a workable legal system, to navigate the myriad of often conflicting legislations and interpretations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e‘Libellus super titulo de actionibus’ – the second text, copied in the early C14 – is a commentary on Book IV of Justinian’s Institutiones, completed in the 1250s. It survives in perhaps ten mss, none recorded outside institutional collections and none appears to have come to the market before. ‘Libellus’ is a milestone of feudal law, and, for the first time in a systematic way, it ‘raised the question of the place occupied by the French king and his officials, […] the barons, their vassals and other elements of the feudal hierarchy, within the Roman legal framework’ (Jones, p.215), with particular attention to the ‘actio’ of homage. Johannes de Blanosco (also Jean de Blanot or de Blanosque; c. 1203-81) was doctor of Canon and Civil Law at Bologna and later legal advisor to the Duke Hugh IV of Burgundy. ‘Attempts to situate Roman legal thought within the pre-existent northern French legal structure and efforts to apply Roman legal principles to contemporary circumstances brought Roman jurists in France to confront a fundamental problem: whether or not the French king could be equated with the “princeps” of Roman law’ (Jones, pp.215-16). By stating that ‘Rex Francie in regno suo princeps est, nam in temporalibus superiorem non recognoscit’ (The King of France is emperor in his own kingdom, and does not acknowledge anyone superior to him in temporal matters – here on fol.154v), Blanot discussed the independence and ‘freedom’ of the Kings of France within their kingdom and, though never explicitly, in relation to the Holy Roman Emperor. ‘Kings who held a de facto sovereign authority, even if not de iure sovereignty, over their realms were generally designated independent, or “free,” kings. What made a king “free” or “unfree” depended entirely on whether or not they complied with an antecedent rule of recognition: does the king, as a matter of fact, recognize the superior authority of another in temporal matters?’ (Lee, p.59). This remarkably important text – the basis of the concept of national sovereignty, much debated today – survives in perhaps ten mss, none recorded outside institutional repositories and none appear to have come to the market before.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e‘Summa Codicis’ – the first, copied in the mid-C13 – was one of the favourite texts used by glossators to augment medieval law codices. Azo of Bologna (also Azzo or Azolenus; c. 1150-c. 1230) was professor of law at Bologna – the epicentre of medieval legal studies. The text itself was most probably composed between 1208 and 1210. It is an attempt to analyse and interpret the entire Corpus iuris civilis, the compilation of Roman law made by the sixth-century Roman emperor, Justinian. The work was incorporated into that of his pupil Franciscus Accursius, and forms the basis of the standard glosses found encircling and framing the text of the ‘Decretals’ in most medieval manuscripts and early printings of that text. The motto ‘Chi non ha Azzo, non vada a Palazzo’ (‘Don’t go to court, if you don’t know your Azo’) was common among late medieval Italian lawyers, foreseeing the failure of jurists who were not sufficiently prepared. Despite its fundamental importance to medieval law, the text remains unedited apart from some C16 printings and their reissues and modern facsimiles.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AZO OF BOLOGNA [with] BLANOSCO, Johannes de.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859665690959,"sku":"L3988","price":275000.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3988-7.jpg?v=1781793695"},{"product_id":"pennaforte-raymundus-de","title":"PENNAFORTE, Raymundus de.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.A very good copy, in an unusual black pigskin binding probably produced in Strasbourg, of this scarce early edition of this most famous compendium of canon law for priests and confessors. The Catalan Dominican Raymund de Pennaforte (or Penyafort, c.1175-1275), professor at Bologna, later canonized, compiled the Decretals of Gregory IX, the most influential canon law collection of all time, used until 1917.  Summula  is an abridgement in verse, attributed to the Cistercian Adam of Aldersbach (or Adam Scotus), of his  Summa de casibus poenitentiae , a manual for Dominican priests and confessors. First published in 1486-90, this metrical version, for easy memorisation and with its own prose commentary, provided the key principles of canon law necessary to deal with the most common sins and legal conundrums. The prologue provides a general introduction on the sacraments. The work proceeds to discuss all 7, beginning with the Eucharist, interspersing theoretical sections (e.g., why the priest says  may be Lord be with you , the preparation of the altar) and specific cases, e.g., when a schismatic or  degraded  priest, or one who practises concubinage, can celebrate the mass; when the blood of Christ freezes or the host breaks or crumbles during the Eucharist; when a sick person receiving the Eucharist is no longer mentally sound; when one vomits the host, etc. A section is also devoted to the correct demeanour expected of priests, e.g., they should not gamble, deal in secular business, or marry. It sheds fascinating light into the everyday life of medieval priests and the sundry, at times surreal, questions they might encounter: e.g., what to do about a hidden treasure; whether usury or theft may be licit; what to do if a  rustic  penitent thinks his confessor has been excommunicated; can women make a last will; how to deal with soothsayers; whether public penitence be required for secret adultery, etc. The section on penitence and absolution provided a source for Chaucer s  Parson s Tale . The early C16 annotator, Jacob Crell, noted specific topics discussed at the top of several leaves, for easier consultation, and highlighted or glossed sections on the baptism of babies not yet born, concubinage and bigamy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"PENNAFORTE, Raymundus de.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859667525967,"sku":"L3995","price":2750.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L3995-3.jpg?v=1781793687"},{"product_id":"fumo-bartolomeo","title":"FUMO, Bartolomeo.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.A very good copy of the second edition of this  pocket  compendium of canon law. Legal Aldines are uncommon. The Dominican theologian Bartolomeo Fumo (d.1545), was inquisitor in Piacenza, where the  Summa  was first published in 1549. Popular and much reprinted, it is a compendium of cases of conscience, i.e., a manual detailing, in 504 sections, with the ethical and moral conundrums priests and confessors were most likely to encounter, and which they had to address according to ecclesiastical law. The present copy was in the library of a Franciscan monastery near Rieti, in Italy. The work is prefaced by a copious index for easy consultation. In addition to topics such as the capital sins, sacraments, excommunication and the regulations of marriage (illustrated by an  arbor consanguinitatis  showing the degrees of kinship between spouses allowed by the Church), one also finds hundreds of situations of family law (e.g., adultery, bigamy, financial debt towards one s spouse, inheritance),  anti-social  behaviour (e.g., bestiality, sodomy, fornication, incest, murder, prostitution), or activities that contravene Christian doctrines. Among these are alchemy   an  art that is not itself illicit, if done without fraud, nor is it a sin to sell what is produced through alchemy, unless one is selling something which is actually not what it looks like    and necromancy, a mortal sin of  divination through demons who take the shape of dead people . Most interesting is the section, one of several which focus on specific professions or offices, about the proper conduct of physicians:  Physicians may sin in many ways.  Mortal sins for doctors include ignoring an ailment, requiring extortionate fees, refusing to research an illness they are unfamiliar with, or to visit or administer medicaments, distributing remedies that are  not prepared according to the art of medicine, but according to their stolid fantasy and experiments , and refusing to urge very sick patients to receive confession, depending also on whether the physician is wealthy or paid by the community. A remarkable glimpse into the everyday mid-C16 life.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FUMO, Bartolomeo.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57859668705615,"sku":"L4078","price":4950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_0922-copy.jpg?v=1781793681"},{"product_id":"littleton-thomas-1","title":"LITTLETON, Thomas.","description":"\u003cp\u003eA slightly amended edition of the translation from the original  Law French  into English of Thomas Littleton s seminal treatise on tenures.  Sir Thomas Littleton,  , jurist, author of Littleton on Tenures, the first important English legal text neither written in Latin nor significantly influenced by Roman (civil) law. An edition (1481 or 1482?) by John Lettou and William de Machlinia was doubtless the first book on English law to be printed. It long remained the principal authority on English real property law, and in the 20th century Littleton s work was still occasionally cited as authoritative. Throughout a turbulent period in English history, Littleton held several high offices: sheriff of Worcestershire; recorder of Coventry, Warwickshire; justice of assize (trial judge) on the Northern Circuit; and judge of the Court of Common Pleas (appointed by King Edward IV, 1466). In 1475 he was created a Knight of the Bath. Intended for the instruction of his second son, Richard, Littleton s Treatise subtly differentiates various kinds of medieval English land tenure. It was written in law French, a specialised form of Anglo-Norman. Sir Edward Coke held Littleton s work in high esteem and wrote an extensive commentary on it.  Encyclopaedia Britannica.\u003cbr\u003e\nThe work consolidated the law as it pertained to property, land, and especially of the law of trusts, also dealing with the subject of trespass. Henri de Bracton, his predecessor, had largely ignored this important topic. Unlike preceding writers on English law, Glanville, Bracton, and the authors of the treatises known by the names of Britton and Fleta, Littleton borrows nothing from the sources of Roman law or the commentators. He deals exclusively with English law. The book is written on a definite system, and is the first attempt at a scientific classification of rights over land. Littleton s method is to begin with a definition, usually clearly and briefly expressed, of the class of rights with which he is dealing. He then proceeds to illustrate the various characteristics and incidents of the class by stating particular instances, some of which refer to decisions that had actually occurred, but more of which are hypothetical cases put by way of illustration of his principles. The first book deals with freehold estates, and Littleton adopts a classification that has been followed by all writers who have attempted to systematise the English law of land, especially Sir Matthew Hale and Sir William Blackstone. The second book relates to the reciprocal rights and duties of lord and tenant, It contains a complete statement of the law as it stood in Littleton s time relating to homage, fealty, and escuage, the money compensation to be paid to the lord in lieu of military service to be rendered to the king. The third and concluding book of Littleton s treatise deals mainly with the various ways in which rights over land can be acquired and terminated in the case of a single possessor or several possessors..\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"LITTLETON, Thomas.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868669124943,"sku":"L3926","price":950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_1196-copy.jpg?v=1781793667"},{"product_id":"lopez-de-palacios-rubios-joannes","title":"LOPEZ DE PALACIOS RUBIOS, Joannes.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.A good copy of the first and only edition of this important commentary on the  Leyes de Toro  - a revolutionary set of laws for the Kingdom of Castile, some still recognized today. They were applied and retained way into the C19, as part of the legal systems of former Spanish colonies such as Louisiana, Texas and Trinidad. These 83 laws were debated in 1505 in the city of Toro, in Castile, and approved by a committee of major Spanish jurists, according to instructions left in the will of Queen Isabella, who wished to modernize the Castilian justice system. On this committee was Juan L‚àö‚â•pez de Palacios Rubios (1450-1524), trained at Salamanca and known as  El Doctor  for his canon law expertise. He famously wrote the  Requerimiento  (1513) - the declaration of the Spanish monarchy seizing of New World territories, which was read to the native populations to  inform  them of the conquerors  rights. The present work provides the text (in Castilian), followed by Rubios  commentary (in Latin), for each  ley de Toro , which joined three previous sets of laws: the Partidas and ordinance of Alcal‚àö¬∞ (1343), and the Royal Ordinance (1496). The  leyes de Toro  were introduced  to regulate the forms to be observed in making wills; to establish rules relative to testamentary successions, and to successions  ab intestato ; to fix the donations which a father or mother might make of a part of their estate to some of their children to the prejudice or others,   and the alimony due from the father to his illegitimate children  ( Early Laws , p.154). Rubios prepared a thorough alphabetical index listing the hundreds of questions discussed in his commentary, including alienation of goods, dozens of cases concerning inheritance by legitimate and illegitimate ( spurii ) children, the status of prematurely deceased heirs in the definition of family genealogy for the purpose of inheritance, clandestine marriage, Christian burial for the executed, and whether a father can revoke a donation. A scarce commentary, in a remarkably well-preserved copy. .\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"LOPEZ DE PALACIOS RUBIOS, Joannes.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868675809615,"sku":"L4085","price":3250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/L4085-2.jpg?v=1781793652"},{"product_id":"bartolomeus-brixiensis-with-dalen-michael-de","title":"BARTOLOMEUS BRIXIENSIS. [with] DALEN, Michael de.","description":"\u003cp\u003e.Excellent, crisp copies, rubricated and in contemporary boards still retaining the original wooden pegs, of the first editions of two important legal commentaries on the  Decretals . These were collections of papal decrees, issued regularly throughout the middle ages for the use of jurists, which regulated the functions, structure, personnel and law of the Catholic Church. They offer priceless insight into the everyday legal and theological questions of the age. A precious reference work, this copy was bequeathed by Jacobus Wilhelmus to the library of Nieuwe Kerk, Delft, c.1500, where it was probably chained.. \u003cbr\u003e\n. \u003cbr\u003e\n..Bartolomeo da Brescia (d.1258) studied canon law at Bologna and was the author of numerous legal works. Written when Bartolomeo was still a student,  Casus decretorum  - a revised and enlarged version of Benincasa da Arezzo s (d.1206)  Casus decretum  - is a commentary on the  Decretum , a legal textbook by the C12 jurist Gratian and one of the 6 works that formed the  Corpus Juris Canonici . Later Bartolomeo wrote the standard  Glossa  used for centuries, based on the work of Johannes Teutonicus.  Casus  reprises Gratian s subdivisions into  distinctio ,  causa  and  questio , and deals with a great variety of  cases  spanning the office of bishops, monks and priests, synods, the resignation of a pope, and various regulations pertaining to clerics concerning questions as wide-ranging as property ownership, inheritance and fornication. Little is known of the canonist Michael de Dalen, author of this commentary on two important collections of  Decretals  which followed those of Gregory IX. The  Liber Sextus Decretalium  was issued under Pope Boniface VIII in 1258 and the  Constitutiones Clementis V  under Clement V in 1314. They were the last collections of decretals overseen by a Pope. Together with Gregory s  Decretals , they formed part of the  Corpus Juris Civilis . They discuss all kinds of questions pertaining to the life of clerics, e.g., illegitimate children, monetary transactions, oaths, burials, offices, tithes, the mass, simony, etc. Two very handsome incunables, beautifully preserved..\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BARTOLOMEUS BRIXIENSIS. [with] DALEN, Michael de.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868678562127,"sku":"L1947","price":10500.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_4294-copy.jpg?v=1781793646"},{"product_id":"grassaille-charles-de","title":"GRASSAILLE, Charles de.","description":"\u003cp\u003eSecond edition of this important political and legal treatise, one of a new generation of works, inspired by Jean Ferrault s  Insignia peculiaria , that postulated Royal absolutism in France.  Scholars have generally given only passing attention to a 24-folio booklet in Gothic characters entitled  Insignia pecularia christianissimi Francorum regni numero viginti  the work of an early sixteenth-century French writer, Jean Ferrault. Few books, however, are more important than Ferrault's for a clear understanding of the period of rising absolutism which extends from the first years of Francis I's reign to the beginning of the religious wars. Indeed, as Henri Hauser puts it, Insignia pecularia constitutes the point of departure of Gallican and royalist doctrine in France.     After its first publication .. Insignia pecularia was the model that inspired the theorists of absolutism for over a quarter of a century. Barth él émy de Chasseneuz in his Catalogus gloriae mundi (1528) completes Ferrault's twenty privileges and enumerates 208 regalia, or cases, in which the king is sovereign. It is true, however, that he gives up Jean Ferrault's strict particularism. The privileges he enumerates do not belong solely to the king of France, but to all kings. However, Chasseneuz describes, as did Ferrault, the king's rights in dealing with the Gallican church as a delegation of the pope's supreme power. In 1538, Grassaille's Regalium Franciae libri duo further pursues the task undertaken by Ferrault. The privileges are there grouped in two books of twenty chapters each. The first book deals with secular matters and the second concerns the relations between the king and the church. Significantly, the author uses as little as possible the word privilege and replaces it by 'right' (jus'). There is a definite tendency in Grassaille's treatise to present the king's rights as normal powers and not as pontifical favors. The theory of the king's 'filial obedience' to the pope (p. 63) as opposed to the normal obedience owed by other princes, and the author's insistence on the 'irrevocable' character of the titles granted by the Holy See, lack, regarding the papacy, the deferential tone and grateful accents of the Insignia peculiaria  Jacques Pujol  Jean Ferrault on the King's Privileges: A Study of the Medieval Sources of Renaissance Political Theory in France . This second edition of Grassaille s work has an appendix that reprints the text of the  Insignia pecularia  in its entirety. Grassaille effectively advances the theory of a marriage uniting the king and his country. In it he declares that the king's power over the kingdom and over the tax authorities is none other than that enjoyed by the husband over his wife's dower. A most interesting and influential work whose politics were effectively put in place on the accession of Henry II.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GRASSAILLE, Charles de.","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868681085263,"sku":"L3736","price":1450.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_4502-copy.jpg?v=1781793476"},{"product_id":"west-william","title":"WEST, William","description":"\u003cp\u003e.Revised and expanded edition of this important and highly esteemed legal treatise on forms of fines which was used as a standard text in English legal practice. In encyclopaedic style, it contains explanations of legal terms followed by pro-forma precedents in both English and Latin, applicable to a range of agreements, procedures, and non-litigious situations. This made it a valuable tool for any aspiring or practising lawyer, providing specific wordings for them to copy into their own drafts. It was dedicated to Sir Edmund Anderson (1530-1605), Chief Justice of Common pleas under Elizabeth I, who acted as judge in the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots.  Initially published in 1590, West s Simbolaeography, due to popular demand, was reworked, and split into two books, with the aim of making it easier to use. West was a renowned legal writer and lawyer, admitted a student at the Inner Temple in 1568. The notes on the fly record dates of admission to the Inns of court by owners of the book, for instance  Tho: Lo: , who was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1599 and Antony Banebrigge to Clifford s Inn, as well as some more general notes  And 1576 Easter day fell on the 22 of April . . \u003cbr\u003e\n. \u003cbr\u003e\n..The first 57 sections define legal terms and explains Symbolaeography as  an art or cunning rightly to forme and make written Instruments , as well as some of the basics processes and conventions of drafting legal agreements. Latin terms are printed in the margin, referring to the title of each process, such as emptio and venditio, terms for buying and selling, pigus, the general term for a pledge, and hypotheca, which refers to a pledge of debt.. .The rest of the text includes precedents pertaining to covenants, bills and obligations, recognisances, statutes, feoffments, uses, grants, mortgages, trusts, licenses, wills and testaments..\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WEST, William","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868697370959,"sku":"L4109","price":2400.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/West-L4109-3.jpg?v=1781793452"},{"product_id":"english-law","title":"[ENGLISH LAW]","description":".Second edition, the last published, one of two issues from 1639, of this work of tremendous social and historical interest discussing the  Arguments and opinions of foure famous sages of the common law, touching the power, and the extent of customes of Cities, Townes, Corporations, and inheritances, together with the determination of the Law concerning the commodity and use of Houses with their appurtenances, and wherein an action may be maintainable concerning the same, and wherein not.  The four  famous Sages  of the common law cited in the work are Robert Monson, Christopher Wray, Edmund Plowden, and John Manwood. The work provides great insight into the difficulties arising for householders living in the city often surrounded by heavily polluting industries.  Early modern London burned quantities of dirty coal that were unparalleled anywhere in Europe before industrialisation, and the consequent smoky air was a matter of more serious and sustained concern than has been appreciated by either early modern or environmental historians. During the 1620s and 1630s, King Charles I and his government sought to remove smoky industries, above all large brewhouses, from the vicinity of the court in Westminster. \u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"\u003e  .William M. Cavert.\r..The work addresses legal restrictions imposed by building laws, such as the location of windows and drains, and particularly the absence of effective laws to reduce urban nuisances, such as smoke, poor drainage and noise, and such questions as a householder's right to \"light and ayre . It also questions the relation between the common law and the city laws and customs of London. It provides much insight into the problems of city living in the Elizabethan period.  Roy Strong observes in his history of the Renaissance garden that the evolution of  smaller  privy gardens in larger, wealthier households almost always involved  a division between the private and public domains,  which suggests that portions of gardens were partitioned off to ensure isolation.  A Brief Declaration .. (etc)  (1639) illustrates the need for the garden s seclusion from servants when Robert Monson warns,  if you make your windows into our garden, this is a wrong unto us, for by this means I cannot talk with my friends in my private garden but your servant may see what I do .\r..There follows a long section, of great social interest, in the form of question and answers dealing with the workings of the Poor Laws and the various liabilities and duties of local officials; it discusses the indigent, sick and insane, the drunk, and the liabilities and duties of local officials, such as the powers of a town mayor to imprison a suspect for three days without trial, and the culpability of a landowner who fells trees on to another man's land. etc. Of particular interest is a discussion of unwanted pregnancies, children born out of wedlock, such things as whether  a Justice of Peace may  discharge a servant being with childe from her service , the rights of  Bastard children  and their mothers. .\r..A rare and most interesting work. . \u003c\/span\u003e","brand":"[ENGLISH LAW]","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868702187855,"sku":"L4226","price":1950.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_4341-rotated.jpg?v=1781793440"},{"product_id":"charles-i-5","title":"[CHARLES I].","description":"\u003cp\u003eRare first edition of this important set of ‚ÄòOrders‚Äô by Charles I to regulate the grain market. during a period of famine. 1629 and 1630 were years of dearth; there was much unemployment in the cloth trade, rioting in London and the South East and the West Country. The 1629 harvest was uninspiring, and 1630 terrible; the price of wheat rose from 38 shillings in 1629 to 54 shillings in 1630. This work is a collection of orders to the justices of the peace dictating how they were to respond to food scarcity in their communities. As the proclamation itself notes, this was largely an expansion of similar orders and reforms to the poor laws made by Elizabeth I and James I. Among other requirements, the orders mandated that corn be sold in an open market and that justices of the peace be present to ensure fair prices and prevent hoarding.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e‚ÄúUnder Elizabeth I and the early Stuarts the central government through the Privy Council increased its intervention in nearly every aspect of the English economy. The distribution of grain, which had always been subject to local restriction and control, became governed by an increasingly elaborate centralized machinery. Marking what N. S. B. Gras called ‚Äúthe apogee of paternalism‚Äù in the history of the English grain trade, the first Book of Orders for the relief of dearth was issued in early 1587 It attributed the high price of grain to hoarding and outlined detailed instructions regarding the disposition of private stocks in crisis periods. As in other areas of royal regulation much was expected of local justices of the peace, who were responsible for particular county divisions. They were to organize juries consisting of ‚Äúhonest and substantial‚Äù citizens who were preferably not also large grain stockholders. The juries were to discover and report the stores of grain of each stockholder, the number of persons living in each house, and the number of acres to be sown that year. Justices were then to estimate the individual stocks held in excess of household use and seed requirements and bind the owners to bring the excess to local markets for sale at ‚Äúconvenient and charitable‚Äù prices. Market transactions were to be carefully observed, and justices were required to submit monthly reports informing the council of measures take in accordance with the orders and relating the current state of affairs. The dearth orders were issued in each subsequent crisis period until the revolution of the 1640‚Ķ Recent work by Robert Fogel provides strong support for the view that the Tudor policy was both a necessary and effective method of famine relief. Fogel argues that the dearth orders eliminated famine during the period they were effectively enforced and that continuation of the program would have prevented two centuries of unnecessary famine episodes.‚Äù Randall Nielsen. ‚ÄòStorage and English Government Intervention in Early Modern Grain Markets‚Äô.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA very good copy of this important work of great social and economic interest.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"[CHARLES I].","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57868702449999,"sku":"L4224\/2","price":1250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/files\/IMG_5570.jpg?v=1781793439"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1016\/2425\/0703\/collections\/Screenshot_2026-06-18_at_5.52.09_PM.png?v=1781801549","url":"https:\/\/sokol-books-ltd.myshopify.com\/collections\/law.oembed","provider":"Sokol Books Ltd","version":"1.0","type":"link"}